ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing a patient’s list of drugs. The nurse understands that the older adult’s slower absorption of oral drugs is primarily because of which phenomenon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased gastric blood flow. In older adults, there is a decrease in gastric blood flow, which results in reduced absorption of oral drugs. This is due to age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the stomach. This slowed blood flow affects the delivery of drugs to the site of absorption, resulting in slower absorption rates. Incorrect choices: A: Decreased cardiac output - While decreased cardiac output can affect overall drug distribution in the body, it does not directly impact the absorption of oral drugs in the stomach. B: Increased gastric emptying time - This would result in faster absorption, not slower absorption. D: Increased gastric acid secretion - While excessive gastric acid secretion can affect drug absorption, it does not explain the slower absorption in older adults.
Question 2 of 5
Which treatments will the nurse anticipate administering to a patient who has been admitted with alcohol toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiamine. Thiamine is essential in treating alcohol toxicity to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Naloxone (A) is used for opioid overdose, not alcohol toxicity. Intravenous fluids (C) are given to treat dehydration but not specific to alcohol toxicity. Naltrexone (D) is used for alcohol dependence, not acute toxicity. Therefore, Thiamine is the most appropriate choice for treating alcohol toxicity.
Question 3 of 5
The Joint Commission recommends which of the following abbreviations for the “Do Not Use” list?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: qd. The abbreviation "qd" is listed in the Joint Commission's "Do Not Use" list because it can be misinterpreted as "qd" (every day) or "qd" (every other day). This ambiguity can lead to dosing errors. Choice B: NPO is not recommended for the "Do Not Use" list by the Joint Commission. Choice C: Subling is not an abbreviation commonly associated with dosing instructions. Choice D: bid is a standard abbreviation for "twice a day" and is not on the "Do Not Use" list.
Question 4 of 5
The clinic nurse is preparing to administer an intradermal injection. Which needle and gauge are most appropriate for this procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ¾ to ⅛-inch needle, 25 to 27 gauge. 1. For intradermal injections, a short needle length (¾ to ⅛ inch) is required to deliver the medication into the dermis layer beneath the epidermis. 2. A smaller gauge needle (25 to 27 gauge) is ideal for intradermal injections to minimize tissue damage and ensure accurate delivery into the dermal layer. 3. Choice B is incorrect as a longer needle length is not suitable for intradermal injections and larger gauge needles may cause tissue trauma. 4. Choice C is incorrect as a 20 to 21 gauge needle is too large for intradermal injections and can lead to inaccurate medication placement. 5. Choice D is incorrect as a tuberculin syringe is not typically used for standard intradermal injections due to its larger size and volume capacity.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cephalosporins inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting cell wall formation. They are beta-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillins. Macrolides (A) inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, aminoglycosides (B) interfere with protein synthesis, and tetracyclines (D) inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome.