The nurse is providing teaching by telephone to a patient who is scheduled for a pelvic examination and Pap test next week. The nurse instructs the patient that she should

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Douching can alter the vaginal pH and flora, affecting the accuracy of Pap test results. By avoiding douching for at least 24 hours before the exam, the patient ensures more accurate results. A: Not having sexual intercourse the day before the Pap test is not necessary for test accuracy. B: Showering is recommended for hygiene but taking a tub bath does not impact the test. D: Scheduling the test just after the menstrual period may be more comfortable for the patient, but it does not affect the accuracy of the test.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Budding. In budding, a new organism develops as an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. This process results in the formation of a genetically identical offspring. Sponges reproduce asexually through budding by forming small growths, which eventually detach and grow into new individuals. Fission (A) involves the splitting of an organism into two separate organisms, which is not how sponges reproduce. Fragmentation (C) is the breaking of the parent organism into fragments, with each fragment developing into a new individual, but this is not how sponges reproduce asexually. Parthenogenesis (D) is a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual, which is not the method used by sponges.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II does not lead to genetic variation. This is because crossing over occurs during meiosis I, not meiosis II. Meiosis II is when the separated chromatids are pulled apart to form haploid cells. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis (A) and random fertilization between ovum and sperm (B) both contribute to genetic variation by creating unique combinations of alleles. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I (C) also leads to genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the SRY protein is responsible for causing the regression of the Wolffian duct in male development. This process leads to the formation of male reproductive structures such as the vas deferens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypospadias is actually caused by the incomplete closure of the urethral groove during development. B: The connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity closes after the descent of the testis, not before. D: The ampulla of the fallopian tube is not involved in male reproduction; it is actually the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Trichomoniasis Rationale: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that commonly presents with vaginal discharge. The discharge is typically frothy, yellow-green, and has a strong odor. This distinguishes it from other causes of vaginal discharge. Summary of Other Choices: A: Vulvovaginal candidiasis - Typically presents with thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge. B: Granuloma inguinale - Rare bacterial infection causing painless genital ulcers, not associated with vaginal discharge. C: Gonorrhea - May cause vaginal discharge, but typically associated with other symptoms like pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding.