ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for the ambulatory surgery patient who will be having a cyst removed from the right arm. Which will be the best explanation for diet progression after surgery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because starting with clear liquids, soup, and crackers helps prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, while also providing hydration and easy digestion. Advancing to a normal diet as tolerated ensures the patient's nutritional needs are met. Choice B is incorrect because ice chips alone do not provide adequate nutrition. Choice C is incorrect as clear liquids for 24 hours may delay nutritional intake. Choice D is incorrect because the progression from clear liquids to full liquids to a normal diet is too restrictive and may not be necessary for this type of surgery.
Question 2 of 5
Your pediatric patient has been ill for several days leading you to suspect he may be dehydrated. Once on the electrocardiogram, it is evident the patient has an accelerated heart rate and abnormally flattened T waves. What is the most likely cause of this finding?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypokalemia. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can lead to an accelerated heart rate and flattened T waves on an ECG. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart. Low potassium levels can disrupt the balance of ions in cardiac cells, leading to abnormal heart rhythms and ECG changes. Hyperglycemia (choice A) and hypoglycemia (choice C) typically do not cause ECG changes like flattened T waves. Hyperkalemia (choice B) would lead to peaked T waves rather than flattened T waves on an ECG.
Question 3 of 5
You are preparing to intubate an unconscious closed head injury patient with an increased intracranial pressure due to respiratory insufficiency and inability to control his airway. Concern at an additional increase in intracranial pressure prompts you to consider the intravenous administration of which of the following prior to an intubation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is administered prior to intubation in closed head injury patients with increased intracranial pressure to prevent further increase in ICP caused by laryngoscopy and intubation-induced sympathetic response. Lidocaine inhibits the intracranial hypertension response by blocking the sympathetic surge associated with laryngoscopy. Diazepam and Lorazepam are sedatives and do not directly address the concern of increased ICP. Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic drug and not indicated in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
In a trauma situation, it is acceptable to administer either normal saline or lactated Ringer's to your patient for volume replacement. What is the primary benefit of choosing lactated Ringer's?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because lactated Ringer's contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the body, helping to decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic patient. Normal saline does not have this buffering effect. A is incorrect because both solutions stay in the vascular system similarly. B is incorrect as neither solution carries red blood cells. D is incorrect as lactated Ringer's does not increase acidosis but helps decrease it.
Question 5 of 5
To combat increasing ICP in a head injury, the body utilizes this principle:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monro-Kellie Principle. This principle states that the total intracranial volume is constant, and an increase in one component (e.g., blood, CSF, brain tissue) must be compensated by a decrease in another to maintain a stable intracranial pressure (ICP). This helps to prevent dangerous elevations in ICP, which is crucial in managing head injuries. B: Bernicke Principle is not relevant to intracranial pressure regulation. C: Fick Principle is related to cardiac output and oxygen consumption, not intracranial pressure. D: Bernoulli's Principle is about fluid dynamics, not intracranial pressure regulation.