ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for the ambulatory surgery patient who will be having a cyst removed from the right arm. Which will be the best explanation for diet progression after surgery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because starting with clear liquids, soup, and crackers helps prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Advancing to a normal diet as tolerated ensures the patient gets adequate nutrition for healing. Choice B is incorrect as ice chips do not provide adequate nutrition. Choice C is incorrect as staying on clear liquids for 24 hours may delay proper nutrition intake. Choice D is incorrect as the rapid progression from clear liquids to full liquids to a normal diet may overwhelm the digestive system post-surgery.
Question 2 of 5
Your pediatric patient has been ill for several days leading you to suspect he may be dehydrated. Once on the electrocardiogram, it is evident the patient has an accelerated heart rate and abnormally flattened T waves. What is the most likely cause of this finding?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypokalemia. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can cause an accelerated heart rate and flattened T waves on an ECG due to disturbances in cardiac electrical activity. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal heart function, and low levels can lead to various cardiac abnormalities. Hyperglycemia (A) and Hypoglycemia (C) are unlikely to cause these ECG findings. Hyperkalemia (B), high potassium levels, would typically present with different ECG changes such as peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes.
Question 3 of 5
You are preparing to intubate an unconscious closed head injury patient with an increased intracranial pressure due to respiratory insufficiency and inability to control his airway. Concern at an additional increase in intracranial pressure prompts you to consider the intravenous administration of which of the following prior to an intubation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is used prior to intubation in head injury patients with increased intracranial pressure to minimize the potential increase in intracranial pressure caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube insertion. Lidocaine acts as a local anesthetic and suppresses the cough reflex, reducing the risk of elevated intracranial pressure during intubation. Diazepam (A) and Lorazepam (B) are not typically used in this scenario and may cause respiratory depression. Procainamide (D) is an antiarrhythmic drug and is not indicated for reducing intracranial pressure during intubation.
Question 4 of 5
In a trauma situation, it is acceptable to administer either normal saline or lactated Ringer's to your patient for volume replacement. What is the primary benefit of choosing lactated Ringer's?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactated Ringer's helps decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic patient. Lactated Ringer's contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the body, helping to buffer acidosis. Normal saline does not have this buffering capacity, making lactated Ringer's more beneficial in correcting acidosis in trauma patients. Choice A is incorrect because both normal saline and lactated Ringer's stay in the vascular system for a similar duration. Choice B is incorrect because neither normal saline nor lactated Ringer's can carry red blood cells. Choice D is incorrect because lactated Ringer's does not increase acidosis; it helps decrease acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
To combat increasing ICP in a head injury, the body utilizes this principle:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monro-Kellie Principle. This principle states that the total volume inside the skull remains constant, so an increase in one component (such as cerebral blood volume) must be compensated by a decrease in another (such as CSF volume) to maintain a normal ICP. This is crucial in head injuries to prevent dangerous elevations in pressure. B: Bernicke Principle does not pertain to intracranial pressure regulation. C: Fick Principle is related to cardiac output. D: Bernoulli's Principle is about fluid flow and pressure, not specific to ICP regulation.