The nurse is providing education to parents of a child with cleft palate. What will the nurse instruct the parents to report immediately?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ear infections. Parents of a child with a cleft palate should report ear infections immediately because children with cleft palate are at higher risk for developing ear infections due to issues with Eustachian tube function. Ear infections can lead to hearing loss if left untreated. Facial paralysis (A) is not directly related to cleft palate. Increasing ICP (C) is not typically associated with cleft palate. Drooling (D) is common in children with cleft palate and does not require immediate reporting unless there are other concerning symptoms present.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, substitute Lofenalac for some protein foods. In phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals lack the enzyme to break down phenylalanine found in protein. Lofenalac is a special formula with low phenylalanine content, suitable for PKU patients. Lifelong high-protein diet (A) is incorrect as it would worsen the condition. A formula low in leucine (B) is not specific to PKU. Soy-based formula (C) still contains high levels of phenylalanine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Rh-negative mother with Rh-positive infant: During delivery, fetal blood can mix with maternal blood leading to sensitization. 2. Sensitization can cause the mother's immune system to produce antibodies against Rh antigen. 3. RhoGAM is administered to prevent antibody formation in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive infants. Summary: - A: Incorrect. No risk of sensitization as both child and fetus are Rh-negative. - B: Correct. Rh-negative mother with Rh-positive infant at risk for sensitization. - C: Incorrect. Rh factor mismatch between children doesn't require RhoGAM. - D: Incorrect. Being primipara or child's blood type doesn't warrant RhoGAM administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Keep the infant's eyes covered. This is important during phototherapy to protect the infant's eyes from potential damage due to exposure to light. Direct light can harm the infant's developing eyes, so covering them is crucial. Choice A: Cover the infant's head with a hat - This is not necessary for phototherapy as the focus should be on protecting the eyes, not the head. Choice B: Dress the infant lightly in a T-shirt - While dressing the infant lightly is recommended, it is not as critical as protecting the eyes. Choice D: Reposition the infant at least every 4 to 8 hours - Repositioning is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to the safety of the eyes during phototherapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiovascular system. Children with Down syndrome have a high risk of congenital heart defects. This is due to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, which can lead to abnormalities in heart development. The most common heart defects include atrioventricular septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and atrial septal defects. These defects can affect the structure and function of the heart, leading to potential complications. Summary: A: Reproductive system - Not typically associated with congenital anomalies in Down syndrome. B: Genitourinary system - Not typically associated with congenital anomalies in Down syndrome. D: Gastrointestinal system - While gastrointestinal anomalies can occur in children with Down syndrome, the cardiovascular system has a higher risk of congenital anomalies.