ATI RN
Core Concepts of Family Centered Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Viral load testing. This test measures the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, reflecting the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing viral replication. Monitoring viral load helps assess treatment response and determine if adjustments are needed. A: Western blot is used for confirming HIV infection, not for monitoring treatment response. C: P24 antigen testing detects a protein associated with HIV infection but is not as sensitive as viral load testing for monitoring therapy. D: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for initial HIV screening, not for monitoring treatment response.
Question 2 of 5
An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says, 'I always get my pets from a known sanitary source.' What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk for infections, including from Toxoplasma gondii found in cat feces. By ensuring cats have up-to-date immunizations and avoiding their feces, the patient can reduce the risk of infection. A: Keeping cats outdoors most of the time does not address the risk from cat feces inside the house. B: The age of the cat does not necessarily correlate with the risk of infection, so this advice is not relevant. C: Removing all pets and avoiding all contact with cats is an extreme measure and not necessary if proper precautions are taken.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has AIDS has been instructed on foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection. Which foods should the patient select that indicates correct understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pasteurized milk. This is because pasteurization kills harmful bacteria, making it safe for consumption by individuals with weakened immune systems like AIDS patients. A: Rare meat and B: Raw seafood may contain harmful bacteria that can pose a risk of infection for AIDS patients. C: Soft egg yolks may also contain harmful bacteria if not fully cooked, which can be dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems. In summary, pasteurized milk is the safest option as it eliminates the risk of bacterial contamination, while the other choices may increase the risk of infection for a patient with AIDS.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir). What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Lamivudine (Epivir) can cause hepatotoxicity, leading to yellowing of the skin (jaundice). Step 2: Yellowing of the skin is a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage. Step 3: Reporting yellowing of the skin promptly allows for timely evaluation and necessary interventions. Summary: Reporting bleeding, change in urine output, or flu-like symptoms are not specific to lamivudine and are not directly related to its side effects. Yellowing of the skin is a critical side effect that requires immediate attention.
Question 5 of 5
A patient was admitted 48 hours ago for injuries sustained while intoxicated. The patient is shaky, irritable, anxious, and diaphoretic. The pulse rate is 130 beats per minute. The patient shouts, 'Bugs are crawling on my bed. I’ve got to get out of here.' What is the most accurate assessment of the situation? The patient:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient has symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium. The presentation of shakiness, irritability, anxiety, diaphoresis, elevated heart rate, and hallucinations ('bugs are crawling on my bed') are classic signs of alcohol withdrawal delirium. Delirium tremens, a severe form of alcohol withdrawal, typically occurs 48-72 hours after the last drink and can be life-threatening. This patient's symptoms are consistent with the timeline and manifestations of alcohol withdrawal, requiring immediate medical intervention. Incorrect answers: A: Manipulating staff for attention is unlikely given the severity of the symptoms and the potential life-threatening nature of alcohol withdrawal delirium. B: Head injury would not typically present with these specific symptoms and timeline. D: Acute psychosis would not typically manifest with these specific symptoms in the context of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal.