The nurse is presenting a substance-abuse lecture for teenage girls and is asked about “roofies.” The nurse recognizes that this is the slang term for which substance?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: flunitrazepam. Flunitrazepam is commonly known as "roofies" in slang terms. Step 1: Cocaine (A) is a stimulant drug, not associated with the term "roofies." Step 2: Secobarbital (C) is a barbiturate, not commonly referred to as "roofies." Step 3: Methamphetamine (D) is a stimulant drug, not linked to the term "roofies." Therefore, flunitrazepam (B) is the correct answer due to its association with the slang term "roofies" in substance abuse contexts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control of asthma symptoms. Step 2: It works by blocking leukotrienes, which are responsible for inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma. Step 3: Taking montelukast daily maintains a consistent level in the body to effectively prevent asthma symptoms. Step 4: Even if symptoms improve, discontinuing montelukast abruptly can lead to a recurrence of symptoms. Step 5: Therefore, emphasizing the need for continuous daily use is crucial for optimal asthma management. Summary: A: Inhaler technique is not relevant for montelukast as it is taken orally, not inhaled. B: Montelukast is not a rescue medication for acute asthma attacks; it is for long-term control. D: Tapering or discontinuing montelukast without consulting the prescriber can lead to worsening of symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium. The brain-blood barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier that prevents many substances from freely entering the brain. The brain capillary endothelium does not have pores like other capillaries in the body, making it impermeable to large molecules and pathogens. This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining the brain's delicate environment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high lipid solubility of a drug, meningitis, and high endocytosis degree in a brain capillary do not directly relate to the complicated penetration of drugs through the BBB.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pharmacokinetic interaction. This type of drug interaction involves processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body. In pharmacokinetic interactions, one drug can affect the absorption, metabolism, or elimination of another drug, leading to changes in their effectiveness or toxicity. Pharmacodynamic interactions (A) involve how drugs affect the body at the target site. Physical and chemical interactions (B) refer to how drugs interact based on their chemical properties. Pharmaceutical interactions (C) are related to drug-drug interactions that occur during formulation or administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is more cardiotoxic compared to the other local anesthetics listed. This is due to its higher potency in blocking cardiac sodium channels, leading to a higher risk of cardiac toxicity, including arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Procaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine are less cardiotoxic as they have lower affinity for cardiac sodium channels and are less likely to cause significant cardiac adverse effects. It is important to be cautious when using bupivacaine to minimize the risk of cardiotoxicity.