ATI RN
Concept of Family Health Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive. Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Put on gloves before touching body fluids. This is because wearing gloves is a standard precaution to prevent exposure to HIV through contact with bodily fluids. Gloves create a barrier between the nurse's skin and the patient's fluids, reducing the risk of transmission. Recapitulating needles (B) can increase the risk of needle-stick injuries. Washing own open skin lesions (C) is important for personal hygiene but does not prevent HIV transmission. Removing one finger on a glove (D) compromises the protective barrier and exposes the nurse to potential infection.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment. A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis. B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer. C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What information should the nurse include that identifies the methods in which HIV can be transmitted? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: HIV is primarily transmitted through body fluids containing high concentrations of the virus, such as semen. Step 2: Semen contains a high viral load, making it a common mode of HIV transmission. Step 3: Other body fluids like urine, sweat, and saliva do not typically contain high enough levels of the virus to transmit HIV. Step 4: Therefore, option D (Semen) is correct as it aligns with the established modes of HIV transmission. Summary: Urine, sweat, and saliva do not pose a significant risk for HIV transmission due to their low viral load. Semen, on the other hand, contains high concentrations of the virus, making it a primary mode of transmission.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use beach towels. Using beach towels can help prevent skin infections caused by exposure to contaminated surfaces. Walking barefoot (B) can increase the risk of skin infections. Eating raw fruits or vegetables (C) is not directly related to preventing opportunistic infections in this scenario. Cleaning bathroom supplies with bleach (D) is important for general hygiene but not specific to preventing opportunistic infections.
Question 5 of 5
A patient admitted yesterday for injuries sustained in a fall while intoxicated believes bugs are crawling on the bed. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for injury. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the patient's current state of agitation and anxiety, coupled with the belief of bugs crawling on the bed, poses an immediate risk for self-injury. The patient's altered mental status and intoxication increase the likelihood of accidental harm. Explanation for other choices: A: Ineffective airway clearance - While this is always a critical concern, the patient's current presentation does not indicate any immediate threat to the airway. B: Ineffective coping - While the patient may be experiencing distress, the primary focus should be on addressing the risk of injury given the patient's altered mental status. C: Ineffective denial - While the patient may be experiencing hallucinations, the primary concern is the risk of injury rather than the patient's denial of the situation.