ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In understanding the peak age at onset for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, the correct answer is B) 5 to 7 years. This is because this condition typically occurs in children aged 5 to 7 years old. Option A) 2 to 4 years is incorrect because children in this age group are less commonly affected by acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Option C) 8 to 10 years and option D) 11 to 13 years are also incorrect as the peak age for this condition falls within the 5 to 7-year-old range. Educationally, understanding the age range at which certain conditions are more prevalent is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. This knowledge informs the nurse's assessment, intervention, and education provided to the child and their family. Understanding the typical age range for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis helps nurses anticipate and provide appropriate care for children presenting with this condition.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 9-year-old child with hemolytic uremic syndrome. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children, the correct manifestations to expect include anorexia, hypertension, and purpura. Anorexia is common due to gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the condition. Hypertension is a significant finding in HUS, reflecting renal involvement and potential complications. Purpura, which is characterized by purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin, can be present due to thrombocytopenia in HUS. Option A is correct because all these manifestations are commonly seen in children with HUS. Option B, anorexia, is a valid symptom as mentioned earlier. Option C, hypertension, is also a common finding in HUS due to renal involvement. Option D, purpura, is associated with the thrombotic microangiopathy that occurs in HUS. Understanding the clinical manifestations of HUS in children is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these signs early can lead to prompt intervention and improved outcomes. Nurses should be vigilant in assessing and monitoring these symptoms in children admitted with suspected or diagnosed HUS to provide timely and appropriate care.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on intravenous gentamicin (Garamycin). What interventions should the nurse plan for this child with regard to this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In caring for a child with a urinary tract infection on IV gentamicin, it is crucial for the nurse to plan specific interventions related to this medication. Encouraging fluids is essential because gentamicin is nephrotoxic, and adequate hydration helps to protect the kidneys. Monitoring urinary output is important to assess renal function and ensure the drug is being excreted properly. Monitoring sodium serum levels is not directly related to gentamicin therapy but is important for overall electrolyte balance in the body. The correct answer is D, as all the interventions are relevant to the safe administration of gentamicin in a child with a UTI. Encouraging fluids helps maintain renal perfusion, monitoring urinary output aids in assessing renal function and drug excretion, and checking sodium levels ensures overall electrolyte balance. These interventions are vital in preventing nephrotoxicity and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Options A, B, and C are explained in the context of the child's condition and the medication being administered. Understanding the rationale behind each intervention is crucial for safe and effective nursing care, especially when managing medications that can have potentially serious side effects like gentamicin. This question highlights the importance of comprehensive nursing care and medication management in pediatric patients with urinary tract infections.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). What side effects of this medication should the nurse teach to the parents and the child? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) All are applicable. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections in children. Teaching the parents and child about the potential side effects of this medication is crucial for their safety and well-being. Rationales for each option: - A) Rash: Bactrim can cause skin reactions, including rashes, which may indicate an allergic reaction and the need to discontinue the medication. - B) Urticaria: Urticaria, also known as hives, is another skin reaction that can occur as a side effect of Bactrim. - C) All are applicable: Given the nature of Bactrim as an antibiotic, all the listed side effects (rash, urticaria, and photosensitivity) are potential risks that the nurse should educate the parents and child about. - D) Photosensitivity: Bactrim can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, leading to sunburn or skin damage with minimal sun exposure. This risk highlights the importance of sun protection while on this medication. Educational context: Teaching parents and children about medication side effects empowers them to recognize and report adverse reactions promptly, ensuring timely intervention and preventing potential complications. It also promotes medication adherence and fosters a collaborative approach to healthcare between the healthcare team and the family.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In caring for a child with acute renal failure, the nurse should expect to find several specific laboratory findings. The correct answer, option C (All are applicable), is the most appropriate choice because acute renal failure typically presents with a constellation of abnormalities, including hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Hyponatremia is common in renal failure due to the impaired excretion of water and sodium. Hyperkalemia results from the kidneys' inability to excrete potassium effectively, leading to dangerous cardiac effects. An elevated BUN level indicates decreased kidney function and impaired filtration of waste products. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not encompass the comprehensive range of laboratory findings typically associated with acute renal failure in a child. Understanding these specific laboratory abnormalities is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with renal issues, as prompt recognition and management are essential for positive outcomes.