The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arterial blood pressure is regulated by two main factors: cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while systemic vascular resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. The combination of these two parameters determines the pressure within the arteries. If cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance increases, blood pressure will increase, and vice versa. Therefore, when discussing the regulation of arterial blood pressure, focusing on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance is crucial for understanding how the body maintains blood pressure within a normal range. The other choices, such as heart rate and peripheral resistance, blood volume and renal blood flow, as well as myocardial contractility and arteriolar constriction, are important factors in cardiovascular physiology but are not the primary determinants of arterial blood pressure regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary concern is to restore the lost blood volume quickly. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) contain a high concentration of red blood cells and are used to replenish oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of hemorrhage. PRBCs are the most appropriate blood product in this scenario as they can effectively increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood without overloading the patient with excess fluid volume like whole blood. Whole blood contains not only red blood cells but also plasma and other components, which may not be necessary for immediate volume resuscitation. Cryoprecipitate and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) are usually indicated for specific coagulation factor deficiencies and are not the primary choice for treating hypovolemic shock. Thus, in this case, PRBCs are the most suitable blood product to address the acute blood loss and restore

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best response would be, It takes 6 to 8 weeks to see a change in cholesterol levels. Statin drugs typically start to show an effect on lowering cholesterol levels within 6 to 8 weeks of starting therapy. It may take some time for the medication to reach its maximum effectiveness, but a noticeable change can usually be seen within this time frame. Monitoring cholesterol levels through blood tests is important to assess the effectiveness of the medication and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ondansetron is classified as an antiemetic. It is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Antiemetics work by blocking serotonin, a natural substance in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron specifically targets serotonin receptors in the brain, preventing the sensation of nausea and reducing the urge to vomit. Therefore, the correct classification for Ondansetron is as an antiemetic agent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is an opioid analgesic commonly used for post-operative pain management. The common side effects of meperidine include tremors, sweating, and dizziness. Diarrhea is not a common side effect associated with meperidine use. Opioid analgesics like meperidine more commonly cause constipation rather than diarrhea. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as the side effect of diarrhea is not typically seen with meperidine administration.