The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arterial blood pressure is regulated by two main factors: cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while systemic vascular resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. The combination of these two parameters determines the pressure within the arteries. If cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance increases, blood pressure will increase, and vice versa. Therefore, when discussing the regulation of arterial blood pressure, focusing on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance is crucial for understanding how the body maintains blood pressure within a normal range. The other choices, such as heart rate and peripheral resistance, blood volume and renal blood flow, as well as myocardial contractility and arteriolar constriction, are important factors in cardiovascular physiology but are not the primary determinants of arterial blood pressure regulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are advantageous for chemotherapy administration because they allow caustic or vesicant drugs to be delivered directly into larger veins, reducing the risk of vein irritation, thrombosis, or extravasation. While CVADs may have other benefits, such as long-term use and reduced need for repeated IV insertions, their primary advantage in chemotherapy is the safe administration of potentially damaging agents. Home administration and cost are secondary considerations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, reducing blood clotting. In cases of Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation resulting in bleeding complications, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the liver produce clotting factors, which can counteract the effects of Warfarin and restore normal blood clotting. Other options such as Naloxone, Digibind, and Flumazenil are antidotes used for specific situations like opioid overdose, digoxin toxicity, and benzodiazepine overdose, respectively, and are not relevant for Warfarin antidote.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ondansetron is classified as an antiemetic. It is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Antiemetics work by blocking serotonin, a natural substance in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron specifically targets serotonin receptors in the brain, preventing the sensation of nausea and reducing the urge to vomit. Therefore, the correct classification for Ondansetron is as an antiemetic agent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tunneling the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin creates a pathway that helps reduce the risk of infection. By placing the catheter deeper under the skin, there is less chance of bacteria entering the catheter exit site, which can lead to infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections. Tunneling also promotes tissue ingrowth around the catheter, further helping to secure the catheter in place and reduce the risk of infection.