The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, influencing blood pressure. 2. Systemic vascular resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels, affecting blood pressure regulation. 3. Both parameters work together to regulate arterial blood pressure by determining the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the resistance to blood flow in the vessels. Summary: - Choice A is correct as both cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance play key roles in regulating arterial blood pressure. - Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly impact blood pressure regulation through the parameters mentioned.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Numbness and tingling of extremities. This is a potential adverse effect of antitubercular drugs known as peripheral neuropathy. Patients should report this to the prescriber immediately as it may indicate a serious side effect that requires prompt intervention to prevent further nerve damage. A: Gastrointestinal upset is a common side effect of antitubercular drugs but is usually not considered serious enough to warrant immediate reporting. B: Headache and nervousness are not typically associated with antitubercular drugs. While they may occur as side effects, they are not the most concerning adverse effects. C: Reddish-orange urine and stool are common side effects of rifampin, an antitubercular drug, and are not typically harmful. This side effect is usually harmless and does not require immediate reporting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can increase drug metabolism, leading to decreased drug levels in the body and requiring a dose increase to maintain therapeutic effect. This is known as enzyme induction. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because liver enzyme stimulation does not typically result in a decreased drug dose, prolonged drug action, or intensified unwanted drug reactions. It is crucial to understand how enzyme induction affects drug metabolism to optimize drug therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Idiosyncrasy. Idiosyncrasy refers to a unique and unpredictable reaction to a drug that is not related to the dose or pharmacodynamic properties. This type of reaction can vary greatly among individuals and is not based on common drug responses. B: Hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune response to a drug and is dose-dependent. C: Tolerance is the decreased response to a drug over time with repeated use, not an unrelated reaction. D: Teratogenic action refers to drugs causing harm to a developing fetus, not an unrelated reaction in the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter at sympathetic ganglia, parasympathetic ganglia, and parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. 2. However, at sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings, norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter. 3. Therefore, the correct answer is B because acetylcholine is not the specific neurotransmitter at sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. Summary: A, C, and D are incorrect because acetylcholine is indeed the specific neurotransmitter at those locations.