The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) support group. One of the teaching points will include diet and weight loss to decrease hirsutism and acne. What is the reasoning for this rationale?

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct answer is missing from the choices provided. However, I can provide a rationale for each choice: A: Diet and exercise can help promote weight loss, which can decrease hyperandrogenemia by reducing insulin resistance and decreasing androgen levels. B: While diet and exercise can decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in women with PCOS, this is not directly related to reducing hirsutism and acne symptoms. C: Diet and exercise can improve lipid levels and reduce cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS, but this is not the primary goal when addressing hirsutism and acne. D: Diet and exercise can improve ovulation and menstrual regularity, which may help with fertility in women with PCOS, but this is not directly related to reducing hirsutism and acne. In summary, the correct answer should focus on how diet and weight loss can specifically impact hirsutism and acne in women with PCOS.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Milky discharge from nipples. Milky discharge from nipples is often a benign finding and can be related to hormonal changes or medications. In this case, the patient's description of thin milky discharge in the context of her age, weight loss, and fear of breast cancer makes it more likely to be benign. The other choices are incorrect because extensive weight loss and painful masses could be concerning signs of malignancy, and mood swings are not directly related to breast cancer diagnosis. Therefore, the presence of milky discharge from the nipples in this patient's case would be more indicative of a benign finding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In maternal newborn nursing, subinvolution of the uterus is a condition where the uterus does not return to its normal size after childbirth. The correct answer is D) Retained placental fragments and infection. Retained placental fragments can hinder the normal involution process by preventing the uterus from contracting effectively. This can lead to prolonged postpartum bleeding and subinvolution. Infection can also contribute to subinvolution by causing inflammation and impairing the healing process. Option A) Postpartum hemorrhage and infection is incorrect because postpartum hemorrhage alone, without retained placental fragments, may not necessarily lead to subinvolution. Option B) Multiple gestation and postpartum hemorrhage, and Option C) Uterine tetany and overproduction of oxytocin, are not common causes of subinvolution. Educationally, understanding the common causes of subinvolution is crucial for nurses caring for postpartum women. Recognizing these causes allows for prompt identification and intervention to prevent complications such as prolonged bleeding, infection, and potential long-term consequences like pelvic organ prolapse. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring and managing postpartum complications to ensure optimal maternal health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Loss of increased blood volume associated with pregnancy. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume significantly increases to support the needs of the developing fetus. After childbirth, the body undergoes rapid adjustments to return to its pre-pregnancy state. The diaphoresis (excessive sweating) and diuresis (increased urination) experienced by the woman are due to the body's physiological response to eliminate the excess fluid that was necessary during pregnancy. This process helps to prevent complications such as postpartum edema and hypertension. Option A) Elevated temperature caused by postpartum infection is incorrect because there is no mention of fever or other signs of infection in the scenario. Option B) Increased basal metabolic rate after giving birth is incorrect as this would not directly cause diaphoresis and diuresis. Option D) Increased venous pressure in the lower extremities is unrelated to the symptoms described and does not explain the woman's experience of diaphoresis and diuresis. Educationally, understanding the postpartum physiological changes is crucial for maternal newborn nurses to provide appropriate care and support to women during this transitional period. Recognizing the normal adaptation processes helps nurses differentiate between expected postpartum changes and potential complications, ensuring optimal maternal and newborn outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In maternal newborn nursing, understanding the physiological processes post-delivery is crucial for providing optimal care to both the mother and the newborn. The correct term for the process where excess hypertrophied tissue in the uterus undergoes self-destruction is "Autolysis" (Option A). Autolysis is the natural breakdown of cells by enzymes that are present within those cells. In the context of postpartum uterine involution, autolysis is essential for the uterus to return to its pre-pregnancy size and function. This process helps in the removal of excess tissue and aids in the healing of the uterus after childbirth. Option B, Subinvolution, refers to the failure of the uterus to return to its normal size and function after delivery. This is a condition that requires medical attention and is different from the normal process of autolysis. Option C, Afterpains, are the cramping sensations that mothers experience post-delivery as the uterus contracts and shrinks back to its pre-pregnancy size. Afterpains are unrelated to the process of autolysis. Option D, Diastasis, commonly refers to the separation of abdominal muscles, particularly during pregnancy, and is not the term used to describe the self-destruction process of excess hypertrophied tissue in the uterus. Understanding these terms and processes is vital for nurses working in maternal newborn care as it influences their assessment, interventions, and education provided to postpartum mothers. Recognizing the correct term, autolysis, enhances nurses' ability to monitor postpartum recovery effectively and intervene appropriately when necessary.