ATI RN
The Basics of Bioethics Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient for a surgical procedure on the right great toe. Which action will be most important to include in this patient's preparation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ascertain that the surgical site has been correctly marked. This is the most important action because marking the surgical site ensures the correct procedure is performed on the correct body part, reducing the risk of wrong-site surgery. Placing the patient in a clean gown (A) is important for infection control but not as critical as marking the site. Asking the patient to remove hairpins and cosmetics (B) is important for the procedure but not as critical as site marking. Determining where the family will be located (D) is not directly related to the patient's preparation for the surgical procedure on the great toe.
Question 2 of 5
Simply put, shock is a state of hypoperfusion due to several different causes. Which one of the following types of shock would be considered distributive shock?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anaphylactic shock. Distributive shock is characterized by systemic vasodilation leading to poor perfusion of tissues. In anaphylactic shock, there is widespread vasodilation due to the release of histamine, causing fluid to shift from the blood vessels to the tissues. This results in decreased blood volume in the circulatory system and inadequate perfusion of organs. A: Hypovolemic shock is characterized by low blood volume, not systemic vasodilation. B: Cardiogenic shock is due to inadequate pumping of the heart, not systemic vasodilation. D: Toxic shock syndrome is caused by toxins released by bacteria, not systemic vasodilation. In summary, anaphylactic shock is the correct answer as it aligns with the characteristic features of distributive shock, while the other choices do not exhibit the same vasodilatory mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers the release of epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system, leading to liver glycogenolysis, which raises blood glucose levels. This explains the patient's fast heart rate and respirations. Choice B is incorrect because low blood sugar levels do not directly mimic alcohol intoxication. Choice C is incorrect because elevated heart rate and respirations are not due to increased glucose and fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue. Choice D is incorrect because the increase in heart rate and respirations is not a direct result of promoting glucagon production and release from the pancreas.
Question 4 of 5
Your 49-year-old COPD patient is unconscious and exhibiting ineffective respirations. You quickly decide to attempt to control his airway and provide positive pressure ventilations. Which airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter while the proximal border of the airway device rests against the patient's tongue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophageal-Tracheal Combi-tube. The Combi-tube has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the esophageal sphincter, preventing gastric insufflation. The proximal border rests against the tongue, providing a secure airway. This device is specifically designed for unconscious patients with ineffective respirations, like the COPD patient in this scenario. A: King LTD airway is a supraglottic airway device used for difficult airways but does not have the same features as the Combi-tube for unconscious patients. C: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) does not have an inflatable cuff that prevents gastric insufflation like the Combi-tube. D: Nasotracheal intubation involves passing a tube through the nose into the trachea and is not the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is considered a solution that contains molecules, such as proteins, that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colloid solution. Colloid solutions contain large molecules like proteins that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane, making them effective in increasing oncotic pressure within the blood vessels. Hypertonic solutions (A) have higher solute concentration, hypotonic solutions (B) have lower solute concentration, and crystalloid solutions (C) contain small molecules that can easily pass through the capillary membrane.