ATI RN
The Basics of Bioethics Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient for a surgical procedure on the right great toe. Which action will be most important to include in this patient's preparation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ascertain that the surgical site has been correctly marked. This is important to ensure that the surgery is performed on the correct site, preventing errors. Placing the patient in a clean gown (A) is important for infection prevention, but not as crucial as verifying the surgical site. Asking the patient to remove hairpins and cosmetics (B) is important for safety during surgery, but not as critical as ensuring the correct site. Determining the family's location (D) is not as important for the patient's preparation as confirming the surgical site.
Question 2 of 5
Simply put, shock is a state of hypoperfusion due to several different causes. Which one of the following types of shock would be considered distributive shock?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Distributive shock involves abnormal distribution of blood flow, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. Anaphylactic shock is a type of distributive shock where severe allergic reaction causes widespread vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion. This choice is correct as it fits the definition of distributive shock. Hypovolemic shock (A) is due to loss of blood volume, not abnormal distribution. Cardiogenic shock (B) is caused by heart failure leading to inadequate cardiac output, not abnormal distribution. Toxic shock syndrome (D) is an overwhelming systemic response to toxins, not primarily characterized by abnormal distribution of blood flow.
Question 3 of 5
You are on-scene with an adult patient exhibiting unusual activity and appears to be intoxicated. He is anxious and hyperactive. His heart rate and respirations are fast, but his blood pressure remains within normal range for his age. The patient denies alcohol or drug consumption but reports he has diabetes. His blood glucose level is found to be 54 milligrams per deciliter. How would hypoglycemia cause the patient to present with the above findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypoglycemia triggers a physiological response known as the sympathoadrenal response. When blood sugar levels drop, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands. Epinephrine promotes liver glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. This process helps to counteract the effects of hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Elevated insulin levels would not mimic alcohol intoxication; instead, hypoglycemia causes neuroglycopenic symptoms due to inadequate glucose supply to the brain. C: Adipose tissue does not play a significant role in correcting hypoglycemia through glucose uptake; it is primarily the liver that releases glucose in response to low blood sugar levels. D: Glucagon is released by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels in response to
Question 4 of 5
Your 49-year-old COPD patient is unconscious and exhibiting ineffective respirations. You quickly decide to attempt to control his airway and provide positive pressure ventilations. Which airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter while the proximal border of the airway device rests against the patient's tongue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophageal-Tracheal Combi-tube. This airway adjunct has a large distal end with an inflatable cuff that presses against the patient's esophageal sphincter. The proximal border rests against the tongue, effectively sealing the esophagus and allowing for positive pressure ventilations to be delivered to the trachea. The King LTD airway (A) is a supraglottic airway device used for ventilation but does not press against the esophageal sphincter. The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) (C) sits above the glottis and does not have a distal cuff to seal the esophagus. Nasotracheal intubation (D) involves passing a tube through the nose into the trachea and does not involve a cuff pressing against the esophageal sphincter.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is considered a solution that contains molecules, such as proteins, that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colloid solution. Colloid solutions contain large molecules like proteins that are too big to pass through the capillary membrane. These large molecules create osmotic pressure, helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. Hypertonic solutions (A) have higher solute concentration, hypotonic solutions (B) have lower solute concentration, and crystalloid solutions (C) contain small molecules that can easily pass through the capillary membrane.