The nurse is performing pre-procedure teaching for a patient scheduled to undergo a liver biopsy. After listening to the information, the patient states, "I am so scareI just don't know if I can do this procedure." Which response is best?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates empathy and active listening. By acknowledging the patient's fear and encouraging them to express their concerns further, the nurse can address specific fears and provide appropriate support. This approach helps build trust and rapport, leading to better patient outcomes. A: Providing the duration of the procedure (choice A) may not effectively address the patient's underlying fear. B: Comparing the sensation to a punch (choice B) may minimize the patient's concerns and not address the emotional aspect of their fear. C: Telling the patient they do not have to have the procedure (choice C) could be misleading and may not be in the patient's best interest without further exploration of their concerns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum creatinine level of 4.0 mg/dL. This is prioritized as high serum creatinine indicates impaired kidney function in chronic kidney disease. Elevated creatinine levels suggest decreased glomerular filtration rate, which is crucial in monitoring kidney function. Option A (Potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L) may be important due to the risk of hyperkalemia in kidney disease, but it is not as critical as monitoring kidney function. Option B (BUN level of 18 mg/dL) is within normal range and typically fluctuates based on diet and hydration status. Option D (Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL) is important but not the priority in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: parietal cells. Parietal cells are located in the gastric glands of the stomach and are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid to help with digestion. They also secrete intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption. Enteroendocrine cells (B) produce hormones, mucous neck cells (C) secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining, and chief cells (D) produce pepsinogen for protein digestion, but they do not produce hydrochloric acid. Therefore, parietal cells are the only cells among the choices that specifically produce hydrochloric acid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine is where the majority of digestion occurs, including the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. This is facilitated by enzymes and bile produced by other organs. Villi in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption, making choice A incorrect. Absorption of water primarily occurs in the large intestine, so choice C is incorrect. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the small intestine, making choice D incorrect. Thus, the small intestine's role in digestion makes it the correct characteristic.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into simple sugars like glucose. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas, and works in both the mouth and small intestine. Lipase (B) digests fats, Pepsin (C) digests proteins, and Trypsin (D) also digests proteins but not carbohydrates. Therefore, they are not responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates.