The nurse is performing an assessment on the patient who is in bilateral Buck s traction. Which finding indicates the need to reposition the patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Buck's traction uses weights and pulleys to align a leg fracture, requiring proper positioning to avoid complications. Heels not touching the mattress suggest the legs are elevated or misaligned, risking pressure on the heels or traction ineffectiveness, necessitating repositioning. Rewrapping bandages addresses maintenance, not position. Feet against the footboard could indicate too much pull, but it's less urgent if traction remains functional. Free-hanging weights are correct for traction. Heels off the bed signal a positional flaw, potentially causing skin breakdown or misalignment, making it the priority for adjustment to ensure therapeutic effect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nodding yes involves flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the neck, with the skull pivoting at the atlanto-occipital joint (fulcrum). This is a first-class lever, where the fulcrum (joint) lies between the effort (neck muscles, like the splenius) and the load (head weight). Like a seesaw, the head rocks forward and back. Second-class levers (e.g., standing on tiptoes) have the load between fulcrum and effort, not applicable here. Third-class levers (e.g., biceps curl) place effort between fulcrum and load, unlike nodding. The first-class lever system matches the neck's motion, making it the correct answer, as it aligns with the anatomical mechanics of head movement at the fulcrum.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: At the wrist, forearm muscles enable flexion (bending), extension (straightening), abduction (radial deviation), and adduction (ulnar deviation). At the interphalangeal joints of fingers, only flexion and extension occur, as abduction/adduction apply to spreading fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints, not interphalangeal ones. Thus, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction describe wrist movements but not interphalangeal finger actions, making it the correct answer. Other options omit key wrist motions or include finger-relevant terms, missing the distinction required by the question, which hinges on joint-specific movement capabilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Speaking the tongue twister requires tongue mobility, handled by palatoglossus (elevates tongue), styloglossus (retracts), genioglossus (protrudes), and hyoglossus (depresses). Masseter and temporalis move the jaw, buccinator compresses cheeks, and platysma affects the neck less critical for tongue action. Risorius and zygomaticus muscles shape smiles, not speech. Mentalis and orbicularis oris move lips, secondary here. Tongue muscles are the correct answer, as they coordinate the rapid, precise movements needed for articulating this phrase, central to speech production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tendons are dense, fibrous tissues linking muscle to bone, transmitting force to enable movement. Made of collagen, they anchor muscles like the quadriceps to bones like the tibia, facilitating actions like kicking. Bone-to-bone connections are ligaments' role, stabilizing joints. Ligaments themselves connect bones, not tendons' function. Cartilage cushions joints but doesn't attach to tendons directly tendons bypass it to reach bone. This muscle-to-bone connection defines tendons' purpose, distinct from ligaments' skeletal linking or cartilage's padding. Their strength and flexibility ensure efficient motion, critical for skeletal muscle function, highlighting their unique role in the musculoskeletal system over other structures misaligned with this mechanical linkage.