The nurse is performing a well-child checkup on a 5-year-old boy. He has no current condition that would lead the nurse to suspect an illness. His health history is unremarkable, and he received immunizations 1 week ago. Which of these findings should be considered normal in this patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Palpable firm, small, shotty, mobile, and nontender lymph nodes. In a healthy 5-year-old with recent immunizations and no current illness, this finding is normal. Step 1: Palpable lymph nodes are expected in children due to their active immune system. Step 2: Small size, shotty consistency, and mobility indicate a benign and reactive nature. Step 3: Non-tender nodes suggest they are not inflamed or infected. Choices A, B, and D describe abnormal lymph node characteristics that could indicate infection or malignancy, which are not expected in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tachypnea (rapid breathing). This is a cue related to the patient's pain because pain can lead to increased respiratory rate as a physiological response. The body's natural reaction to pain is to increase breathing to provide more oxygen to tissues. Therefore, tachypnea is a relevant cue to assess pain levels. A: Normal skin turgor is not directly related to pain assessment. Skin turgor is typically assessed to evaluate hydration status. B: Normal S1, S2 heart sounds are not directly related to pain assessment. Heart sounds are assessed to evaluate cardiac function. C: Glowing skin is not a typical cue related to pain assessment. Glowing skin may be associated with overall health and well-being but is not directly related to pain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nontherapeutic. This statement is nontherapeutic because it implies a lack of autonomy and empowerment for the individual seeking help. It suggests blindly following advice without considering personal preferences or values. This can hinder the therapeutic process by diminishing the client's ability to actively participate in decision-making and problem-solving. Therapeutic communication focuses on collaboration, empowerment, and respect for the client's autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are left blank as they do not provide a suitable rationale for the given question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is reversible. Structural scoliosis involves irreversible changes in the spine's alignment, such as rotation and curvature due to factors like abnormal growth or spinal deformities. Reversibility is not a characteristic of structural scoliosis. A: Most cases are idiopathic - This is a characteristic of structural scoliosis as idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type. C: Subtype of structural scoliosis includes idiopathic - This supports the characteristic of idiopathic scoliosis within the structural category. D: Subtypes of structural scoliosis include congenital or acquired - This is correct as structural scoliosis can be caused by congenital abnormalities or acquired conditions, supporting the definition of structural scoliosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Late cocking. During late cocking phase of throwing, the arm is maximally externally rotated which places the elbow joint under the most valgus stress. This is due to the extreme abduction and extension of the arm at this stage, leading to increased valgus force on the elbow joint. In contrast, in the early cocking phase (choice C), the arm is in a more neutral position with less valgus stress. The wind-up phase (choice B) involves more shoulder and trunk movements rather than stressing the elbow joint. Follow-through phase (choice A) comes after the release of the ball and does not involve significant valgus stress on the elbow.