The nurse is performing a health assessment on a 16-year-old girl, who has been brought to the clinic by her parents. Which of the following instructions would be appropriate for the parents before the interview begins?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it respects the girl's privacy and allows her to speak freely without parental influence. By asking the parents to step out, the nurse creates a safe space for the girl to discuss any sensitive issues. Choice A may inhibit the girl's honest communication. Choice B risks the parents dominating the conversation. Choice C may make the girl uncomfortable discussing personal matters in front of her parents.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Asking the patient to rate pain on a scale of 0 to 10 is a standard pain assessment tool, allowing for quantification and tracking of pain intensity. Step 2: This question helps in understanding the severity of pain objectively. Step 3: It provides a baseline for further pain management interventions. Step 4: Other choices are incorrect as they do not directly address assessing pain intensity or severity. Summary: Option A is the most appropriate as it focuses on quantifying pain, which is crucial for effective pain management. Choices B, C, and D are not as relevant for assessing pain intensity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory depression. After a stroke, the patient may experience impaired breathing due to neurological damage affecting the respiratory center in the brain. Monitoring for signs of respiratory depression, such as shallow breathing or decreased oxygen saturation, is crucial to prevent respiratory failure. Severe headache (A) may be a symptom of stroke but is not the highest priority for monitoring. Dehydration (B) is important to prevent but not typically a direct consequence of stroke. Sudden loss of vision (D) may occur with certain types of strokes but is not as critical to monitor as respiratory depression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: culturalism. This is because culturalism refers to the belief that all members of a culture share the same beliefs or practices. Expecting all Chinese persons to believe in the hot-cold theory is an example of culturalism as it assumes a homogenous perspective within the Chinese culture. A: A critical cultural perspective would involve questioning and analyzing cultural beliefs and practices rather than assuming they are universal. C: Ethnic practice refers to specific customs or traditions within a particular ethnic group, not a general belief system like the hot-cold theory. D: Ethnicity refers to one's cultural background or heritage, but it does not address the assumption of shared beliefs within a culture.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in children, the lung sounds can be different due to their thinner chest walls and more prominent bronchial markings. The louder, longer, and lower-pitched tones heard upon percussion are normal findings in pediatric patients, indicating increased air content in the lungs. Palpating for pain or tenderness (choice A) is not necessary as these findings are expected in children. Asking the child to take shallow breaths and percussing again (choice B) is not needed as the initial findings are normal for the age group. Referring the child immediately (choice C) is unnecessary as these findings are within the normal range for a 4-year-old.