The nurse is performing a cardiovascular assessment and notes that the patient has a bounding pulse. What condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypervolemia. A bounding pulse is characterized by a strong and forceful heartbeat, which is typically associated with an increased volume of blood in the circulatory system. In hypervolemia, there is an excess of fluid in the blood vessels, leading to increased pressure and volume, resulting in a bounding pulse. Hypovolemia (choice A) is characterized by decreased blood volume and would not cause a bounding pulse. Aortic stenosis (choice C) is a narrowing of the aortic valve that leads to reduced blood flow from the heart and would not typically result in a bounding pulse. Bradycardia (choice D) is a slow heart rate and is not directly related to the strength or forcefulness of the pulse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pleuritis. A pleural friction rub is caused by inflammation of the pleura, the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. This rubbing together of inflamed surfaces creates a characteristic grating sound. Pleuritis is the most likely cause of this finding because it directly involves the pleura. Pneumonia (A) typically presents with crackles or decreased breath sounds. Pulmonary embolism (C) usually manifests with sudden onset chest pain and shortness of breath. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D) may present with wheezing or prolonged expiration but not a pleural friction rub.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It does not do anything to defend the body, is not true and thus the correct answer. Fever, an elevated body temperature (also called pyrexia), is a defense mechanism against infection, enhancing immune responses like white blood cell activity and inhibiting pathogen growth. Fever is a sign of illness, is true, as it often signals infection or inflammation. It is the same as pyrexia or hyperthermia, is partially true; fever and pyrexia are synonymous, but hyperthermia (uncontrolled heat rise) differs. It is reflected through an increase of body temperature, is true by definition. Choice D is false because fever actively aids immunity, raising temperature to fight microbes, making it the statement that does not hold, per the questions intent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Convection involves heat loss through air movement, such as a fan blowing cool air over the body. Turning off the fan directly addresses this by reducing airflow, minimizing heat dissipation. Removing an ice pack relates to conduction, not convection, as it involves direct contact rather than air movement. Reducing the room temperature might affect evaporation or overall comfort but doesnt target convection specifically. Increasing the room temperature could influence evaporation or radiation but doesnt stop the convective process caused by moving air. Choice A is the best response because it aligns with the mechanism of convection, where warm air around the body is replaced by cooler moving air. This intervention is practical and effective in a clinical setting, reflecting the nurses understanding of heat loss principles and patient thermoregulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulse rates vary by age. Newborns have a normal range of 120-170 beats/min, so 170 is within limits. A ten-year-old ranges from 70-110, making 170 tachycardic. Adolescents range 60-100, and adults 60-100, both far below 170. Choice A is correct as newborns' high metabolic rate and immature cardiovascular system allow such elevated pulses, a normal finding in neonatal assessments per pediatric norms.