Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Aging causes decreased collagen production, leading to decreased skin elasticity and thinning. 2. Loss of subcutaneous fat contributes to the appearance of aging skin. 3. Wrinkles and sagging are common signs of decreased skin elasticity in older adults. 4. Increased muscle mass, increased cardiac output, and increased renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes. Summary: Skin changes such as decreased elasticity and thinning are common in older adults due to reduced collagen production and loss of subcutaneous fat. Increased muscle mass, cardiac output, and renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Yoga and tai chi. These exercises focus on balance, flexibility, and strength, which are crucial for preventing falls in older adults. Yoga and tai chi also promote mindfulness and body awareness, further enhancing balance and coordination. Swimming (choice A) is beneficial for overall fitness but may not specifically target balance and fall prevention. Weight training (choice B) is important for muscle strength but may not address balance and flexibility adequately. Running (choice D) is high-impact and may actually increase the risk of falls for older adults.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because most areas of the brain do not lose brain cells with age due to a process called neuroplasticity. This means that the brain can adapt and reorganize itself by forming new connections between existing brain cells. Memory decline is not inevitable (B) as cognitive decline varies among individuals and can be influenced by factors like lifestyle and genetics. Basic intelligence can change with age (C) due to various factors such as experience and education. The brain does continue to make new brain cells through a process called neurogenesis, making choice D incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because assigning female nurses to older women who are Islamic respects their cultural and religious beliefs, promoting holistic care. This approach considers the older adult's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, aligning with the principles of holistic nursing care. Choice A is incorrect because performing glucose testing during a weekly worship service does not necessarily address the older adult's holistic needs. Choice B is incorrect as simply wheeling ambulatory adults to exercise when running late does not encompass a holistic approach. Choice D is incorrect as allowing older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone may neglect their social and emotional well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "The unknown may be frightening. Do you want to talk about this?" This response acknowledges the patient's fear and offers an opportunity for the patient to express their concerns. It shows empathy and encourages open communication. Choice B is incorrect because it assumes all religious people share the same belief, which may not be the case for this patient. Choice C is incorrect as it imposes experiences of others onto the patient, which may not align with their beliefs or feelings. Choice D is incorrect as it assumes the patient's feelings without giving them a chance to express themselves.