The nurse is palpating the fundus of a pregnant woman. Which statement about palpation of the fundus is true?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because after 20 weeks gestation, the number of centimeters should approximate the number of weeks gestation. This helps in assessing the growth and development of the fetus within the uterus. The other choices do not accurately reflect the true nature of fundal palpation during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Untreated preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, which can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, including restriction of fetal growth. Edema is common in pregnancy but is not a specific indicator of preeclampsia. Eclampsia can occur before or after delivery, not just before.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of essentially all cases of cervical cancer. This statement is correct because HPV is a known risk factor for cervical cancer. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types can lead to the development of cervical cancer over time. HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection, and vaccination against HPV has been shown to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. B: Antibiotics will only cure those STIs caused by bacterial infections. This statement is incorrect because antibiotics are effective in treating bacterial STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. However, antibiotics are not effective against viral STIs such as HPV, herpes, and HIV. Viral STIs require antiviral medications for management but cannot be cured completely. C: A viral STI infection is a lifetime infection. This statement is incorrect because not all viral STIs are lifetime infections. Some viral STIs such as HPV and herpes may persist in the body indefinitely, but others like hepatitis B and C can be cleared by the immune system over time. It is important to differentiate between different types of viral STIs and their natural history. D: Gonorrhea and syphilis affect both men and women. This statement is incorrect because while gonorrhea and syphilis can affect both men and women, the presentation and complications of these STIs can differ between genders. For example, untreated gonorrhea in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, while in men it can cause epididymitis. Syphilis can also have different manifestations in men and women, highlighting the importance of tailored education and prevention strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice A is incorrect because the recommended age to start Pap testing is actually 21, not 25. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend starting Pap testing at age 21, regardless of sexual activity. Starting screening at age 25 would delay potentially life-saving screenings for cervical cancer. Choice B is the correct answer because it aligns with the current guidelines from ACOG and USPSTF. These organizations recommend that individuals with a cervix should begin Pap testing at age 21, regardless of sexual activity. This age was chosen based on the risk of developing cervical cancer and the sensitivity of the test in younger individuals. Choice C is incorrect because it does not provide any guidance or information on when to start Pap testing. It leaves the client without a clear answer or direction on when to begin this important screening. Choice D is incorrect because it suggests waiting until the age of 30 to start Pap testing. While recommendations have changed in recent years to lengthen the interval between screenings for some individuals, starting at age 30 would still be too late according to current guidelines. In summary, the correct answer is B because it aligns with current guidelines from ACOG and USPSTF, recommending that individuals begin Pap testing at age 21, regardless of sexual activity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect due to either providing inaccurate information or lacking clear guidance on when to start Pap testing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Human papillomavirus (HPV) would be of highest concern at this time when assessing the client further. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and can lead to serious health issues such as genital warts and various types of cancer, including cervical cancer. A: Chlamydia is a common STI, but it is easily treatable with antibiotics and does not typically lead to serious long-term health issues if detected and treated promptly. It is important to address chlamydia, but it is not of the highest concern compared to HPV. C: Syphilis is a serious STI that can lead to long-term complications if left untreated, including damage to the heart, brain, and other organs. However, syphilis is less common than HPV and may not be of highest concern unless the client is exhibiting specific symptoms or risk factors. D: Gonorrhea is a common STI that can lead to complications if left untreated, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. While gonorrhea should be addressed promptly, it is not of the highest concern compared to HPV due to the increased risk of cancer associated with HPV. In conclusion, HPV is of highest concern when assessing the client further due to its high prevalence, potential for serious health issues, and the link to various types of cancer. It is important to educate the client about HPV, its transmission, prevention methods, and the availability of vaccines to reduce the risk of infection.