The nurse is managing the care of a group of patients with schizophrenia. The patients are receiving conventional antipsychotic medications. When assessing for anticholinergic side effects, which would the nurse immediately report to the physician?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Conventional antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) cause anticholinergic effects like urinary retention , a potential emergency risking bladder damage, requiring immediate reporting. Dystonia is extrapyramidal, not anticholinergic. Headache and hypertension aren't typical anticholinergic signs. D prioritizes urgent intervention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Plasmin is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down fibrin, a protein that forms blood clots. When an area of vessel needs to have its blood flow restored, such as after a clot has formed, plasmin is activated to dissolve the clot. By breaking down the fibrin mesh of the clot, plasmin helps restore normal blood flow in the affected vessel. Therefore, the restoration of blood flow results through the dissolution of clot by plasmin, making option B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute interstitial nephritis is a rare but serious adverse reaction associated with omeprazole. It is characterized by inflammation of the kidney's interstitial tissue and can lead to kidney dysfunction. Symptoms may include fever, rash, eosinophilia, and impaired renal function. If left untreated, acute interstitial nephritis can progress to acute kidney injury and potentially be life-threatening. Therefore, it is essential to promptly recognize and manage this adverse reaction when taking omeprazole.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reading OTC labels and seeking clarification from a doctor if unclear ensures safe use, reflecting effective education on responsibility. Always calling the doctor is overly cautious-OTC drugs are for self-management. Pharmacists help, but label-reading is primary. Assuming OTC safety ignores risks like ibuprofen's bleeding potential. Label focus empowers clients, balancing autonomy with safety, a key learning outcome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rifabutin, metabolized by CYP3A4, is affected by inhibitors. Zidovudine, enfuvirtide, and nevirapine don't strongly inhibit CYP3A4. St John's wort induces it, lowering levels. Ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, significantly slows rifabutin metabolism, raising levels and toxicity risk (e.g., uveitis), the most impactful. This interaction requires dose adjustment, critical in HIV-TB co-treatment.