The nurse is interviewing the father of a 10-month-old girl. The child is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says no firmly and moves her away from the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father what?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) That the child is old enough to understand the word no. This option is correct because at 10 months old, infants are beginning to comprehend simple commands and words like "no." By reinforcing the word "no" and redirecting the child from the electrical outlet, the father is teaching the child about safety and boundaries in a developmentally appropriate way. Option A) That the child should be given a time-out is incorrect because time-outs are not developmentally appropriate for a 10-month-old infant. Time-outs are more effective for older children who can understand the concept of consequences for their actions. Option C) That the child will learn safety issues better if she is spanked is incorrect and inappropriate. Physical punishment like spanking is not an effective or recommended method for teaching children about safety. It can lead to negative outcomes and does not promote a positive learning environment. Option D) That the child should already know that electrical outlets are dangerous is incorrect because infants do not have the cognitive ability to understand the concept of danger at this age. It is the parent's responsibility to teach and protect the child from potential hazards like electrical outlets. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize positive reinforcement, redirection, and age-appropriate teaching methods when educating parents about child safety and discipline. Encouraging positive interactions and setting clear boundaries will help foster a safe and nurturing environment for the child's development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age. This is the best nursing intervention because thumb sucking is a common and developmentally appropriate behavior in infants around 6 months of age. It serves as a self-soothing mechanism and is not a cause for concern unless it persists beyond toddlerhood. By reassuring the mother, the nurse helps alleviate unnecessary worry and supports the mother-infant bond. Option B) Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb is incorrect because pacifier use is a personal choice for parents and should not be forced upon the infant if thumb sucking is not causing harm. Option C) Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation is incorrect as thumb sucking alone does not indicate sensory deprivation. It is a normal part of infant development. Option D) Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs is incorrect because thumb sucking is not necessarily related to hunger. Breastfeeding frequency should be based on the infant's cues and needs rather than thumb sucking behavior. Educationally, understanding normal infant behaviors and developmental milestones is crucial for nurses caring for children. Providing accurate information and reassurance to parents fosters trust and promotes positive parent-infant relationships. Encouraging parental understanding and acceptance of typical behaviors enhances overall family well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Earlier than expected tooth eruption. By age 6 months, infants typically have erupted their central incisors, but having all six teeth at this age is considered earlier than expected. Understanding normal tooth eruption patterns is crucial for nurses caring for children as it helps in identifying deviations from the norm. Option A) Normal tooth eruption is incorrect because while it is normal for infants to have teeth at 6 months, having all six teeth is earlier than the average eruption timeline. Option B) Delayed tooth eruption is incorrect because the scenario describes the presence of teeth, not a delay in eruption. Option C) Unusual and dangerous is incorrect as having six teeth at 6 months, though early, is not inherently dangerous but rather falls outside the typical range. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of nurses recognizing developmental milestones in children, including tooth eruption patterns. Understanding these norms allows nurses to identify potential issues early and provide appropriate education and support to caregivers regarding oral health and development in infants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain is to give the infant a frozen teething ring (Option C). This option is correct because the cold temperature helps to numb the gums, providing relief from pain and inflammation associated with teething. Option A, rubbing gums with aspirin, is incorrect because aspirin should never be used in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Option B, applying hydrogen peroxide, is also incorrect as it can be harmful if ingested and is not recommended for teething pain relief. Option D, having the infant chew on a warm teething ring, is not as effective as a frozen teething ring because cold objects help to soothe inflamed gums better. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand safe and effective strategies for managing common pediatric issues like teething. Providing evidence-based recommendations ensures the well-being and safety of pediatric patients. By choosing the correct option, students learn to prioritize non-invasive and safe interventions for teething pain relief.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed. This response is accurate because breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients and hydration that a young infant needs, even in warm weather. Introducing water or other fluids can actually interfere with the baby's intake of essential breast milk, which is crucial for growth and development. Option B is incorrect because lengthening nursing sessions does not necessarily indicate a need for additional water; it is a normal part of a baby's feeding pattern. Option C is incorrect because clear juices are not recommended for infants under 6 months old, as they can lead to issues like diarrhea and dental problems. Option D is also incorrect because giving water once or twice a day is not necessary and can disrupt the balance of nutrients provided by breast milk. From an educational standpoint, it is important for nurses to educate parents on the proper feeding practices for infants, especially regarding breastfeeding. By understanding the composition of breast milk and its adequacy in meeting an infant's needs, parents can make informed decisions that support their baby's health and well-being. It is crucial for healthcare providers to provide evidence-based information to guide parents in making the best choices for their child's nutrition.