The nurse is instructing the patient on quadriceps and gluteal muscle exercises. The instructions will include:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Quadriceps and gluteal exercises target thigh and buttock strength, often used in rehabilitation. Straightening the leg and tensing muscles while raising the heel (quadriceps setting) contracts the quadriceps against gravity, and gluteal engagement occurs when squeezing the buttocks, both doable lying down. Flexing the leg and pulling it back with hands targets hamstrings and hip flexors, not primarily quadriceps or glutes. Straightening legs and knees is vague and incomplete without specifying tension or lifting, lacking the active contraction needed. The first method effectively isolates and strengthens the intended muscle groups, promoting stability and recovery, especially post-injury or surgery, with clear, executable steps.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Post-carpal tunnel surgery, normal recovery includes some swelling and pain, but a capillary refill of 8 seconds far beyond the normal 2-3 seconds signals impaired circulation, possibly from tight dressings or hematoma, demanding urgent action to prevent tissue damage. Swollen, warm fingers are expected initially and monitored, not immediately alarming. Pain is typical post-op and managed with medication. Rosy fingers suggest good blood flow, not a problem. Delayed refill stands out as a critical vascular issue, requiring prompt intervention like loosening bandages or notifying the surgeon to restore perfusion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The origin of a muscle is the point where its tendon attaches to a stationary bone, providing a stable base for movement, as opposed to the insertion, which attaches to the movable bone. For example, in the biceps brachii, the origin is on the scapula (stationary), while the insertion is on the radius (movable). Fixators are muscles that stabilize, not attachment points. The rotator (musculotendinous) cuff is a group of shoulder muscles, not a single attachment site. Deep describes depth, not a structural feature. The origin is a key anatomical term distinguishing the fixed end of a muscle, making it the correct choice, as it aligns with the definition of a stationary attachment in contrast to the dynamic insertion point.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The origin is the muscle's tendon attachment to a stationary bone, while the insertion attaches to a movable bone, allowing movement when the muscle contracts. For instance, in the quadriceps, the origin is on the pelvis (stationary), and the insertion is on the tibia (movable), enabling knee extension. Origin, action and insertion, action misdefine the second term, as action is the movement, not an attachment. Insertion, origin reverses the correct order. Origin, insertion accurately reflects anatomical convention, making it the correct choice, as it defines the fixed and mobile ends critical to muscle function and motion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A hernia is the protrusion of an organ (e.g., intestine) through a weakened structure that typically contains it, like the abdominal wall, as in an inguinal hernia. A goitre is thyroid enlargement, not a protrusion through a structure. A strain is muscle or tendon overstretching, and a sprain is ligament damage neither involves organ protrusion. Hernia precisely fits the definition, making it the correct answer, as it describes a common clinical condition where anatomical boundaries fail, distinct from other terms related to muscle, ligament, or glandular issues.