ATI RN
Basics of Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is instructing a woman in a low-fat, high-fiber diet. Which of the following food choices, if selected by the client, indicate an understanding of a low-fat, high-fiber diet?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mayonnaise in tuna salad is high in fat. The whole wheat bread has some fiber. This choice shows a low-fat soup (which would have been higher in fat if made with chicken or beef stock) and high-fiber bread and soup contents (both the vegetables and the legumes). Salad is high in fiber, but hard boiled eggs are high in fat. There is some fiber in the apples and walnuts. The walnuts are high in fat, as is the chicken.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in preadmission testing. The patient has been assigned a physical status classification by the American Society of Anesthesiologists of ASA III. Which assessment will support this classification?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: ASA III classification indicates severe systemic disease. Step 2: Poorly controlled hypertension with a pacemaker indicates significant cardiovascular comorbidity. Step 3: Hypertension and pacemaker indicate a higher risk for anesthesia complications. Step 4: This assessment aligns with ASA III classification criteria. Summary: A is incorrect as it describes a healthy patient. B is incorrect as it does not indicate severe systemic disease. D is incorrect as it describes a moribund patient, not an ASA III classification.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is concerned about the skin integrity of the patient in the intraoperative phase of surgery. Which action will the nurse take to minimize skin breakdown?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Securing attachments to the operating table with foam padding. This action helps distribute pressure evenly, reducing the risk of skin breakdown. Foam padding acts as a protective barrier between the patient's skin and the operating table, minimizing friction and pressure points. This intervention promotes skin integrity by preventing tissue ischemia and damage. Incorrect options: A: Encouraging the patient to bathe before surgery may not directly impact skin breakdown during the intraoperative phase. C: Periodically adjusting the patient during surgery may disrupt the surgical procedure and increase the risk of complications. D: Measuring the time a patient is in one position during surgery is important but does not actively prevent skin breakdown; it is more about monitoring than prevention.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following patients would most likely benefit from a needle decompression?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A 30-year-old male with hypotension, JVD, and tracheal deviation after chest trauma. This patient most likely has tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition where air accumulates in the pleural space causing mediastinal shift, JVD, and hypotension. Needle decompression is the initial treatment to relieve pressure and restore lung function. A: A chest wall contusion with absent breath sounds suggests a potential rib fracture but not a tension pneumothorax. B: Bilateral wheezing and difficulty breathing are more indicative of an asthma exacerbation or COPD exacerbation, not tension pneumothorax. D: Chest pain and productive cough are more commonly associated with conditions like pneumonia or bronchitis, not tension pneumothorax. In summary, the key features of tension pneumothorax are hypotension, JVD, and tracheal deviation after chest trauma, necessitating needle
Question 5 of 5
Your adult patient is experiencing a prolonged episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia but remains stable at the present time. He denies chest pain, shortness of breath, and his skin is warm and dry. He has failed to convert to a normal sinus rhythm after receiving the max dosage of adenosine in succession. What is your next step?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer procainamide. Procainamide is a Class I antiarrhythmic medication that can be used for the management of stable paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) when adenosine fails. Procainamide works by slowing conduction through the atrioventricular node and can help convert the patient to a normal sinus rhythm. Administering verapamil (Choice A) can be risky in patients with PSVT as it can potentially worsen the condition and cause hypotension. Obtaining expert consultation (Choice C) is always a good practice, but in this scenario, immediate intervention is needed. Administering Adenocard (Choice D) is not recommended as the patient has already received the max dosage of adenosine without converting to normal sinus rhythm.