The nurse is instructing a patient with rheumatic arthritis about the prescribed exercise program includes that the exercises should be:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatic arthritis requires exercises to maintain joint mobility and strength, but they must be tailored to avoid worsening inflammation. Doing them daily, 3-10 times per joint, promotes consistency and flexibility without overexertion, fitting a balanced program. Exercising during active inflammation can damage joints further, as rest is then advised. Continuing past pain risks injury, contradicting pain-as-a-guide principles. Doubling after a missed day could strain joints excessively. The daily repetition approach supports gradual improvement, respecting the condition's need for regular, gentle movement to manage stiffness and function, making it the safest, most effective instruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The insertion is the attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone, contrasting with the origin, which is attached to a stationary bone. When a muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin, producing motion. For example, in the quadriceps, the insertion on the tibia moves during knee extension. The diaphragm is a specific muscle, not an attachment type. Compartments refer to muscle groups, not individual attachments. Superficial indicates location, not a connection point. The insertion's role as the movable end is a foundational concept in muscle anatomy, making it the correct answer, as it directly corresponds to the definition provided and distinguishes it from the stationary origin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a lever system, motion occurs when the effort (muscle contraction force) at the insertion exceeds the load (resistance), causing the movable bone to shift. For example, in a bicep curl, the biceps' effort at the radius (insertion) must overcome the weight to flex the elbow. If resistance at the insertion exceeds the load, it implies no motion, as the load wins. If the force is less than the load, no movement happens. Effort at the origin (stationary point) doesn't directly cause motion. Effort at the insertion exceeding the load is the correct biomechanical condition for lever movement, making it the right answer, reflecting how muscles drive skeletal levers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Strabismus is the condition of misaligned eyes (crossed eyes), where eye muscles fail to coordinate, common in young children and treatable with therapy or surgery. The child recognizing people suggests vision is intact, just misaligned. Nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, not crossing. Presbyopia is age-related focus loss, irrelevant here. Myopia is nearsightedness, not alignment-related. Strabismus matches the crossed-eye presentation, making it the correct answer, as it's a muscle coordination issue distinct from refractive or movement disorders, often seen in pediatric cases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nodding yes involves extension (head tilts back) and flexion (head tilts forward) at the neck, driven by muscles like the sternocleidomastoid and splenius. Rotation and circumduction involve turning or circling, not nodding. Lateral/medial rotation twists the head, not tilting it. Abduction/adduction don't apply to neck nodding. Extension and flexion are the correct actions, as they describe the up-and-down motion, fundamental to neck kinematics in this gesture.