The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and social behavior, functions that are often impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex is responsible for emotions and memory, both of which are affected in schizophrenia. Research has shown abnormalities in these brain regions in individuals with schizophrenia, supporting the neurobiological origins of the disorder. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically address the brain regions known to be involved in schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (1%). Schizophrenia affects around 1% of the world's population, according to research. This prevalence rate has been consistently reported across different studies and populations. It is a chronic and severe mental disorder, but it is not as common as other mental health conditions. Choices B, C, and D (5%, 9%, 13%) are incorrect because they overestimate the prevalence of schizophrenia. These percentages are much higher than the actual documented rate, which is closer to 1%.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because olfactory hallucinations involve perceiving smells that are not actually present. In a psychotic disorder, such hallucinations are common and can be disturbing to the individual. This is due to the sensory perception of smells that others cannot detect. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the experience of olfactory hallucinations. Vision (A) and sound (B) are not related to olfactory hallucinations, and a sense of touch (D) is not typically associated with this type of sensory distortion in psychotic disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Notify hospital security immediately that the situation exists. This is the most immediate, therapeutic nursing intervention because the safety of the nurse, patient, and others in the unit is the top priority. By involving hospital security, the nurse can ensure a swift and appropriate response to the threatening behavior. This action helps to de-escalate the situation and protect everyone involved. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Asking the spouse to leave the unit could escalate the situation further and put the nurse at risk. C: Asking the patient about the spouse's behavior may not be immediate enough to address the threat. D: Threatening to call the police could escalate the situation and may not be the best approach to ensure safety for all parties involved.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. **Legal Obligation**: The nurse has a legal duty to report suspicions of child abuse or neglect. 2. **Protecting the Child**: Reporting ensures the child's safety and well-being. 3. **State Regulations**: State laws mandate reporting suspected abuse or neglect. 4. **Immediate Action**: Waiting for proof delays intervention and puts the child at risk. Summary: - Choice A: Consulting with school staff doesn't fulfill the legal obligation to report. - Choice B: Documenting is important but not sufficient; reporting is crucial. - Choice D: Waiting for proof is dangerous; immediate reporting is necessary to protect the child.