The nurse is explaining to a mother that her newborn's blood test indicates a high level of unconjugated bilirubin, which causes jaundice. Which information doesn't the nurse present to the mother?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse does not mention the term "hyperbilirubinemia" to the mother. Instead, the nurse focuses on explaining the high level of unconjugated bilirubin causing jaundice. A: The nurse likely mentioned that the blood test does not indicate a pathological disease to reassure the mother that jaundice is a common condition in newborns. B: The nurse would have explained that the newborn's liver converts bilirubin to a water-soluble substance as part of the discussion on how bilirubin is processed in the body. C: An abundance of RBCs and their short lifespan contributing to jaundice would be relevant information that the nurse would provide to explain the underlying causes of the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (100 to 110 kcal/kg). Full-term formula-fed infants need around 100 to 110 kcal/kg per day for optimal growth and development. This amount is tailored to meet their energy requirements and support proper weight gain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they either fall below or exceed the recommended range for infants. Option A (50 to 75 kcal/kg) is too low, which may lead to inadequate energy intake. Option C (120 to 140 kcal/kg) and Option D (150 to 200 kcal/kg) are too high, potentially causing excessive weight gain or metabolic issues. Therefore, option B is the most suitable and balanced choice for meeting the energy needs of formula-fed infants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding is crucial to understand her current understanding and skill level. By doing so, the tutor can identify any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. This step lays the foundation for providing tailored education and support to the mother. Choice B is incorrect because providing instruction on the composition of breast milk is informative but not the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother. Choice C is incorrect as discussing hormonal changes is important but not the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because helping the mother obtain a comfortable position and placing the infant to the breast should come after assessing her knowledge to ensure effective nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because frequent and adequate breastfeeding helps prevent breast engorgement by ensuring proper milk flow and emptying of the breasts. This stimulates milk production and prevents blockages. Choice A is incorrect as spacing out feedings can lead to engorgement. Choice B is incorrect as hydration is important for milk production. Choice C is incorrect as cold packs can reduce milk flow and hinder breastfeeding. In summary, frequent and effective breastfeeding is crucial in preventing breast engorgement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Position the infant so the nipple is far back in the mouth. This technique helps prevent nipple trauma by ensuring that the baby latches onto the breast correctly, with a deep latch that prevents excessive pressure and friction on the nipple. By positioning the nipple far back in the baby's mouth, the baby can effectively suckle and draw milk without causing damage to the nipple. Choice A is incorrect because simply assessing the nipples before each feeding does not actively prevent trauma. Choice B is incorrect as limiting feeding time to less than 5 minutes can lead to inadequate milk transfer and potential nipple trauma due to improper latch. Choice C is incorrect as washing the nipples daily with soap and water can actually strip the skin of natural oils and increase the risk of dryness and cracking, leading to trauma.