ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is explaining the role of red blood cells with oxygen transport in the body with a nursing student. Which term should the nurse use to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct term to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells is "Reduced." When hemoglobin releases oxygen to the body's cells, it becomes deoxygenated or reduced hemoglobin. This term accurately reflects the chemical state of the hemoglobin molecule after oxygen release. Summary of other choices: - B: "Detached" does not accurately describe the process of oxygen release by hemoglobin. - C: "Oxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin bound to oxygen, not after it has given up oxygen. - D: "Hypoxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin with low oxygen levels, not after it has given up oxygen.
Question 2 of 5
A patient receiving blood begins complaining of severe chest pain and a feeling of warmth. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct first step is to discontinue the blood transfusion (Choice C) because the patient is experiencing symptoms of a transfusion reaction, such as chest pain and warmth. Stopping the transfusion is crucial to prevent further harm. Calling the physician (Choice A) can be done after discontinuing the transfusion. Administering diuretics (Choice B) is not appropriate for this situation. Assessing vital signs and cardiovascular status (Choice D) should be done after stopping the transfusion to monitor the patient's condition.
Question 3 of 5
An older adult patient is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells after being injured in a car accident. On assessment, the nurse notes a new finding of bounding pulse, crackles, and increasing dyspnea. What should the nurse do first, after stopping the transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Raise the head of the bed. After stopping the transfusion due to signs of fluid overload, the priority is to alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory function. Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce venous return, decreasing preload and cardiac workload, which can help manage symptoms like dyspnea and crackles. This action promotes better oxygenation and reduces the risk of complications like pulmonary edema. Assessing vital signs (Choice A) is important but not the immediate priority. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing (Choice C) may exacerbate respiratory distress in this situation. Administering diphenhydramine (Choice D) is not indicated for fluid overload.
Question 4 of 5
A female patient's hematocrit level is 50% and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. What should the nurse suspect as being the cause for this patient's hematocrit level?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dehydration. Dehydration can lead to hemoconcentration, resulting in an elevated hematocrit level. When a person is dehydrated, the plasma volume decreases, causing an increase in the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, leading to a higher hematocrit level. In this case, the patient's high hematocrit level of 50% is likely due to dehydration rather than the other options. Oxygen saturation being 98% on room air indicates adequate oxygenation, ruling out chronic renal failure, bone marrow suppression, and bleeding esophageal varices as potential causes for the high hematocrit level in this patient.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with pancytopenia has a bone marrow aspiration from the left posterior iliac crest. Which action would be important for the nurse to take after the procedure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Have the patient lie on the left side for 1 hour. This position helps prevent bleeding by applying pressure to the site. Elevating the head of the bed (A) is not necessary for this procedure. Applying a 2-inch gauze dressing (B) may disrupt the site and increase the risk of bleeding. Using half-inch sterile gauze to pack the wound (C) is not recommended for bone marrow aspiration sites as it can lead to infection.