The nurse is examining an infant for hip placement and has abducted her flexed legs. The nurse should next:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is performing Ortolani's maneuver, which is used to assess for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. After abducting the infant's flexed legs, the nurse should then listen for a "click" that may indicate hip instability. A positive click suggests subluxation of the femoral head and may indicate the presence of DDH. It is important for the nurse to recognize this finding promptly and report it to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Rotation of the hips, extending the legs, and palpating for a mass are not the appropriate next steps in this specific assessment for DDH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An early clinical manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy in a newborn is lethargy or irritability. Bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is a serious condition that occurs when high levels of unconjugated bilirubin build up in the brain tissues. Initially, the baby may become lethargic or irritable due to the toxic effects of bilirubin on the central nervous system. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include poor feeding, high-pitched crying, muscle tone abnormalities, and eventually may lead to more severe consequences such as seizures and irreversible neurological damage. Prompt recognition and treatment of bilirubin encephalopathy are crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. Providing tepid sponge bath: This measure helps to gradually lower the body temperature by promoting heat loss through evaporation. It is a safe and effective way to cool down someone with a fever.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Recent studies have shown that a deficiency of vitamin A correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system and helps protect against severe complications of measles, such as pneumonia and vision problems. Children with measles are at higher risk of vitamin A deficiency due to factors such as decreased intake and increased utilization of vitamin A during infection. Providing vitamin A supplementation to children with measles has been shown to reduce the severity of the disease and improve outcomes. Therefore, ensuring adequate vitamin A levels is essential in the management of children with measles to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Etoposide is known to be associated with secondary AML due to its potential to induce chromosomal abnormalities.