ATI RN
Use of Psychotropic Medications Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is examining a 3-month-old infant. While the nurse holds his or her thumbs on the infant's inner mid thighs and the fingers on the outside of the infant's hips, touching the greater trochanter, the nurse adducts the legs until his or her thumbs touch and then abducts the legs until the infant's knees touch the table. The nurse does not notice any 'clunking' sounds and is confident to record a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Negative Ortolani sign. The Ortolani test is performed to assess for hip dislocation in infants. In a negative Ortolani sign, there is no 'clunking' sound heard when the hip is reduced back into place. The test involves adducting the legs until thumbs touch and then abducting the legs until knees touch the table. If there is no 'clunking' sound, it indicates that the hip joint is stable. Choices A and C are incorrect because a positive Allis test and positive Ortolani sign would indicate hip dysplasia or dislocation, which is not the case in this scenario. Choice B is incorrect because a negative Allis test is not a recognized assessment for hip dislocation in infants.
Question 2 of 5
A man who has had gout for several years comes to the clinic with a problem with his toe. On examination, the nurse notices the presence of hard, painless nodules over the great toe; one has burst open with a chalky discharge. This finding is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tophi. Tophi are deposits of uric acid crystals that accumulate in the joints of individuals with chronic gout. The presence of hard, painless nodules over the great toe that burst open with a chalky discharge is a classic presentation of tophi in a patient with gout. Tophi are not painful but can cause joint deformities and damage if left untreated. A: Callus is a thickened and hardened area of skin that forms in response to repeated pressure or friction. Calluses are not associated with gout or chalky discharge. B: Plantar wart is a benign growth on the sole of the foot caused by a viral infection. Plantar warts do not typically present with chalky discharge or nodules. C: Bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. Bunions are not associated with gout or chalky discharge. In summary, the presence of
Question 3 of 5
A patient with a lack of oxygen to his heart will have pain in his chest and possibly in the shoulder, arms, or jaw. The nurse knows that the best explanation why this occurs is which one of these statements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the sensory cortex does not have the ability to localize pain in the heart. When the heart lacks oxygen, pain signals are perceived in other areas like the chest, shoulder, arms, or jaw due to a phenomenon called referred pain. The heart and these other areas share nerve pathways, leading to the brain interpreting the pain as originating from these other regions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific mechanism of referred pain and the role of the sensory cortex in interpreting pain signals from different parts of the body.
Question 4 of 5
A 70-year-old woman tells the nurse that every time she gets up in the morning or after she's been sitting, she gets 'really dizzy' and feels like she is going to fall over. The nurse's best response would be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the symptoms described by the patient suggest orthostatic hypotension, a condition where blood pressure drops when changing positions. Instructing the patient to get up slowly can help prevent dizziness and falls. Choice A is incorrect as tiredness does not directly address the dizziness upon standing. Choice B is incorrect as dehydration is not the likely cause of the symptoms described. Choice C is incorrect because a complete neurologic examination is not the first step for addressing orthostatic hypotension.
Question 5 of 5
During the neurologic assessment of a 'healthy' 35-year-old patient, the nurse asks him to relax his muscles completely. The nurse then moves each extremity through full range of motion. Which of these results would the nurse expect to find?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mild, even resistance to movement. In a healthy individual, when asked to relax muscles completely, there should be mild, even resistance to movement as the nurse moves each extremity through full range of motion. This signifies normal muscle tone and functioning. A: Firm, rigid resistance to movement would indicate increased muscle tone or spasticity, which is not expected in a healthy individual. C: Hypotonic muscles would be flaccid and weak, which is not expected in a relaxed healthy individual. D: Slight pain with movement is not a normal finding during a neurologic assessment in a healthy individual.