The nurse is evaluating a female child with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis for signs of improvement. Which finding typically is the earliest sign of improvement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a child with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the earliest sign of improvement typically seen is an increased urine output. This is because one of the hallmark features of glomerulonephritis is decreased urine output (oliguria) or even anuria. As the condition improves, the kidneys start functioning better, leading to increased urine output. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing the renal function and overall improvement in patients with glomerulonephritis. While increased appetite, energy level, and decreased diarrhea are important indicators of a child's overall health status, they are not specific signs of improvement in the context of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect in which there is herniation of the meninges (protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) through a defect in the spinal column. This results in the formation of a sac-like protrusion that contains the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid but does not involve the spinal cord itself. In meningocele, the spinal cord remains in its normal position within the spinal canal. This condition is typically associated with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that occurs during early embryological development. Unlike myelomeningocele, which involves both the spinal cord and meninges protruding through the spinal column, meningocele specifically refers to the presence of a sac containing the meninges and spinal fluid without direct involvement of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acetabular dysplasia is the most common form of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It is characterized by an underdeveloped or shallow socket (acetabulum) in the hip joint, which can lead to instability and predispose the hip to dislocation. In DDH, the abnormal development of the hip joint can range from mild acetabular dysplasia to complete dislocation. Acetabular dysplasia is often present from birth or develops during infancy and can lead to long-term consequences if not properly managed. Early detection and treatment of acetabular dysplasia are crucial to prevent complications such as hip dislocation and osteoarthritis later in life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Max would monitor the infant's weight to evaluate the effectiveness of thickened feedings for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Weight monitoring is crucial because it can indicate if the infant is gaining, maintaining, or losing weight, which can be reflective of how well they are tolerating the thickened feedings. An increase in weight would suggest that the infant is receiving adequate nutrition and that the thickened feedings are effective in managing GER symptoms. Monitoring weight can also help assess if the infant's overall growth and development are progressing appropriately in the context of their GER condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a severe and persistent asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like inhalers or nebulizers. It is a life-threatening condition that can lead to respiratory failure if not treated promptly. Patients with status asthmaticus may require IV medications, oxygen therapy, and possibly mechanical ventilation to support their breathing. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent serious complications and potential death.