The nurse is engaged in crisis intervention with a patient reporting, 'I have no reason to keep on living.' What is the nurse's initial intervention?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ask the patient, 'Do you have any plan to hurt yourself or anyone else?' This is the initial intervention because it assesses the patient's risk of harm. It is crucial to determine if the patient has any suicidal ideation or intent. This question helps gauge the level of risk and informs the appropriate level of intervention. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Advising the patient about available services is important but not the initial step when assessing immediate risk. B: Asking about past experiences with depression is not as critical as assessing the current risk of harm. D: Assuring the patient of safety is important, but directly addressing the possibility of harm is more urgent in crisis intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a learning disability caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol, making it avoidable by abstaining from alcohol during pregnancy. Fragile X, Down syndrome, and Prader Willi syndrome are genetic conditions not caused by environmental factors, so they are not avoidable. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it is the only type of learning disability with an avoidable cause.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Isolation. Erikson's psychosocial theory states that during young adulthood, the primary developmental task is to establish intimate relationships. A 25-year-old client diagnosed with major depressive disorder avoiding others suggests a failure to establish these intimate relationships, leading to a sense of isolation. Stagnation (A) refers to the inability to contribute to society in mid-adulthood. Despair (B) is associated with late adulthood and reflects feelings of regret and disappointment. Role confusion (D) is a characteristic of adolescence, where individuals struggle to define their identity and role in society.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Choice A emphasizes the nurse's regard for the client as a person of worth, emphasizing respect. 2. It highlights valuing and accepting the client without any conditions or reservations. 3. Demonstrates the core aspect of respect in communication, acknowledging the client's intrinsic value. 4. Reflects a fundamental principle of client-centered care, fostering a positive and supportive relationship. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B. While understanding the client's perspective is important, it focuses more on empathy than respect. C. Self-congruence and authenticity are important but do not directly address respect for the client. D. Using specific terminology is valuable for clarity but does not directly relate to demonstrating respect for the client as a person of worth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Care is centered on the patient. QSEN emphasizes patient-centered care in the treatment of mental illness. This approach involves understanding and addressing the patient's unique needs, preferences, and values to provide individualized and effective care. It focuses on fostering a therapeutic relationship between healthcare providers and patients to enhance treatment outcomes. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: All genomes are unique - This statement is not directly related to the specific component of treatment recognized by QSEN. C: Healthy development is vital to mental health - While healthy development may contribute to mental health, it is not the specific component highlighted by QSEN. D: Recovery occurs on a continuum from illness to health - While recovery is an important aspect of mental health treatment, it is not the specific component emphasized by QSEN, which is patient-centered care.