The nurse is educating a pregnant patient about the importance of taking prenatal vitamins. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates effective teaching?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because taking prenatal vitamins throughout pregnancy ensures the baby receives essential nutrients for growth and development. Prenatal vitamins contain key nutrients like folic acid, iron, and calcium crucial for the baby's health. Choice A is incorrect because prenatal vitamins are recommended throughout pregnancy, not just the first trimester. Choice C is incorrect as prenatal vitamins may be needed postpartum if breastfeeding. Choice D is incorrect as prenatal vitamins provide additional nutrients that may not be obtained solely from diet.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining a balanced diet and monitoring blood glucose levels regularly are essential in managing gestational diabetes. A balanced diet helps regulate blood sugar levels, and monitoring glucose levels helps track responses to dietary choices. Choice B is incorrect as physical activity is beneficial for managing blood sugar. Choice C is unnecessary for gestational diabetes unless dietary and lifestyle modifications are insufficient. Choice D is incorrect as carbohydrates are still needed for energy but should be consumed in moderation with monitoring.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: fetal descent. During the second stage of labor, assessing fetal descent is crucial to monitor progress. This data helps determine if the baby is moving down the birth canal appropriately. Fetal descent indicates the effectiveness of contractions and pushing efforts. It is a key indicator of labor progression. Rationale: - A: Fetal heart rate is important but primarily assesses fetal well-being, not progress during the second stage of labor. - C: Bearing-down effort is relevant for pushing but does not directly measure progress in terms of fetal descent. - D: Contraction strength is essential but does not specifically indicate the progress of the baby's descent in the birth canal during the second stage of labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a second-degree perineal laceration extends through the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles. First, a second-degree laceration involves more than just the vaginal mucosa, as it also affects the perineal muscles. This type of laceration is more severe than a first-degree laceration, which only involves the vaginal mucosa. Second, due to the involvement of deeper structures like the perineal muscles, suturing is typically required to promote proper healing and prevent complications. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect because a second-degree laceration involves more than just the vaginal mucosa and is not the least severe type of laceration. Choice D is incorrect because suturing is usually necessary for second-degree lacerations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, an increase in blood pressure, which is most likely to indicate the need for further evaluation during the first stage of labor. An increase in blood pressure could signal potential complications like preeclampsia or hypertension, which require immediate attention to ensure the safety of both the laboring person and the baby. A: A decrease in heart rate is not typically concerning during the first stage of labor, as it can be a normal response to relaxation or rest periods between contractions. C: An increase in pulse rate is expected during labor as the body works harder, so it may not necessarily indicate a need for further evaluation unless it is excessively high. D: No change in vital signs could be normal, but it is important to monitor for any signs of distress or complications even if vital signs remain stable.