The nurse is educating a patient who requires daily postural drainage treatments. Which statement indicates that the patient understands when and why treatments will be scheduled?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): - Postural drainage treatments are most effective in the morning to clear the lungs of accumulated secretions. - Performing treatments first thing in the morning can help mobilize and expel fluids that have accumulated overnight. - This timing aligns with the natural process of the body clearing secretions upon waking up. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Having treatments after breakfast does not align with the optimal timing for postural drainage. C: Having treatments after lunch does not relate to the ideal timing for postural drainage treatments. D: Having treatments right before bed is not ideal as the patient may not benefit as much compared to morning sessions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachypnea. In the immediate postoperative period, tachypnea in a client with heart disease could indicate possible heart failure. Tachypnea is a common sign of heart failure as the heart struggles to pump effectively, leading to increased respiratory rate to compensate. Bradycardia (B) is a slow heart rate, which is not typically associated with heart failure. Hypotension (C) is low blood pressure, which can be a sign of shock but not specific to heart failure. Increased wound bleeding (D) may indicate issues with clotting or surgical complications, but it is not directly related to heart failure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is incorrect because according to Laplace's law, smaller alveoli have higher surface tension than larger alveoli. A is correct as surfactants stabilize alveoli. B is true as surfactants reduce surface tension. D is also true as surfactants help prevent fluid leakage. So, C is the exception.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." The nose warms, moistens, and filters air, the pharynx continues this process, and the larynx further filters and humidifies air. Choosing option D is correct because all three structures work together to prepare air for the lungs. Option A, the nose, is correct but does not cover the entire process. Options B and C, the pharynx and larynx, are also involved in the warming, moistening, and cleaning of air, but individually they do not perform all these functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct initial nursing action is to place the tube in a bottle of sterile water (Choice B) because it prevents air from entering the pleural space, reducing the risk of a tension pneumothorax. Placing the tube in sterile water maintains the water seal, allowing for proper lung expansion. Calling the physician (Choice A) can cause a delay in addressing the issue. Immediately replacing the chest tube system (Choice C) without maintaining the water seal can lead to complications. Placing a sterile dressing (Choice D) may not prevent air leakage effectively.