The nurse is educating a patient who is starting treatment with warfarin. Which instruction is most important to include in the teaching plan?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Be sure to have regular blood tests to monitor your INR." Warfarin is a medication that requires close monitoring of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) to ensure it is within the therapeutic range. Regular blood tests are crucial to prevent complications such as bleeding or blood clots. Choice A is incorrect because aspirin increases the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin. Choice C is incorrect because increasing vitamin K-rich foods can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin. Choice D is incorrect because doubling the dose can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of INR levels is essential for safe and effective warfarin therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: chemical digestion of starch. In the mouth, salivary glands secrete enzymes like amylase to break down starch into simpler sugars. This process initiates the digestion of carbohydrates. Mechanical digestion (Choice B) occurs in the mouth through chewing and mixing food with saliva, but it does not involve chemical breakdown. Chemical digestion of proteins (Choice A) primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes like pepsin and trypsin. Choice D is incorrect because not all the processes listed occur in the mouth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: storing bile. The gallbladder functions to store bile produced by the liver and release it into the small intestine to aid in digestion. Bile helps in the breakdown of fats. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the gallbladder does not produce bile (the liver does), secrete digestive enzymes (pancreas does), or neutralize stomach acid (function of the stomach and duodenum).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mouth. In the mouth, salivary amylase is secreted, which starts breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose. This initial breakdown of carbohydrates through the enzyme amylase marks the beginning of chemical digestion. The stomach primarily digests proteins, not carbohydrates (eliminating option B). The small intestine is where most of the carbohydrate digestion and absorption occurs, but the process begins in the mouth (eliminating option C). The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, not carbohydrate digestion (eliminating option D).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because bile pigments are not needed for micelle formation. Micelles are formed by bile salts, which aid in the emulsification of fats. Choice A is incorrect as bile is primarily produced by the liver, not bile duct cells. Choice B is incorrect as primary bile acids are stored in the gall bladder, not secondary bile acids. Choice C is incorrect as secretin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, not bile secretion.