ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse is educating a new nurse on the identification of pain in children. What does the nurse teach about physiologic measurements in children's pain assessment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic manifestations of pain may vary considerably, so they do not provide a consistent measure of pain. Heart rate may increase or decrease. The same signs that may suggest fear, anxiety, or anger also indicate pain. In chronic pain, the body adapts, and these signs decrease or stabilize. Physiologic measurements are of limited value and must be viewed in the context of a pain rating scale, behavioral assessment, and parental report. When the child reports pain on an appropriate pain scale, the appropriate interventions should be used. Therefore, physiologic measurements are not considered a reliable standalone indicator for pain in children, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect because physiologic measurements alone do not serve as the best indicator of pain. Choice C is incorrect as physiologic measurements are still limited even when children report pain. Choice D is incorrect as physiologic measurements are not primarily used to determine the truthfulness of a child's pain report.
Question 2 of 9
Parents would suspect hearing loss if their child did not:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because babbling is an early indicator of hearing ability in infants. Lack of babbling by 2 months may suggest a potential hearing issue. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because turning away from a sound, startling with sudden loud noises immediately after birth, and talking at 4 months are not primary indicators of hearing loss in infants.
Question 3 of 9
The physician tells the parents of a 2-year-old that the child probably has RSV. The parents ask how the diagnosis will be confirmed. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. RSV is typically diagnosed by swabbing the nose and testing the secretions. This method helps confirm the presence of the respiratory syncytial virus. Choice B is incorrect because while symptoms are important in diagnosis, specific tests like swabbing for RSV do exist. Choice C is incorrect as sending a viral culture to an outside lab is not the primary method for diagnosing RSV. Choice D is a duplicate of choice B and is incorrect for the same reasons.
Question 4 of 9
A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a "trigger" results in which of these manifestations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is admitting a 9-year-old child with hemolytic uremic syndrome. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) typically presents with hematuria, anorexia, hypertension, and purpura due to the hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure that characterize this condition.
Question 6 of 9
A child is refusing to use the potty and having accidents, even though he has achieved toilet training. This is an example of which type of behavior?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, regression. Regression occurs when a child reverts to an earlier behavior, such as having accidents after being successfully toilet trained. This regression often happens due to stress or changes in routine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because positive reinforcement involves encouraging desired behavior, desensitization is a process of reducing sensitivity to a stimulus, and phobia is an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation, none of which directly apply to the described situation of the child having accidents after being toilet trained.
Question 7 of 9
A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. What is the purpose of the NG tube?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of an NG tube post-surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to prevent abdominal distention by decompressing the stomach and intestines. This helps prevent complications and promotes healing.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.
Question 9 of 9
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching regarding care of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) that is in remission after the administration of prednisone. The nurse realizes further teaching is required if the parents state what?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with MCNS who are in remission can usually attend school and participate in normal activities with precautions to avoid infections. Home schooling may not be necessary, and this indicates a misunderstanding of the condition's management.