Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because maintaining hydration and nutrition until the patient dies is not always appropriate in end-of-life care, as some patients may be unable to tolerate oral intake or may be close to the end of life where artificial nutrition and hydration may not provide benefit and may even cause discomfort. Explanation: A: A is correct because terminally ill patients may indeed benefit from continuous pain management to ensure comfort. B: B is correct because hospice care is typically initiated when curative treatment is no longer effective and focuses on providing comfort and quality of life. D: D is correct because emotional support is crucial in end-of-life care to address the patient's psychological well-being and provide comfort. In summary, choice C is incorrect as it does not consider individual patient needs and preferences in end-of-life care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because maintaining hydration and nutrition until the patient dies is not always appropriate in end-of-life care, as some patients may be unable to tolerate oral intake or may be close to the end of life where artificial nutrition and hydration may not provide benefit and may even cause discomfort. Explanation: A: A is correct because terminally ill patients may indeed benefit from continuous pain management to ensure comfort. B: B is correct because hospice care is typically initiated when curative treatment is no longer effective and focuses on providing comfort and quality of life. D: D is correct because emotional support is crucial in end-of-life care to address the patient's psychological well-being and provide comfort. In summary, choice C is incorrect as it does not consider individual patient needs and preferences in end-of-life care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A woman who originally escorted the patient in. This choice is correct because she is most likely the person responsible for the patient's care and thus likely has legal authority to make medical decisions on behalf of the patient. The other choices are incorrect because simply being recognized as the patient's brother (A), being a teenage boy who approaches the nurse (B), or being a woman whom the others look at and call over (D) does not necessarily indicate that they have the legal authority to make medical decisions for the unconscious patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because implementing a medication safety program designed by pharmacists promotes a safe work environment for critical care nurses by reducing medication errors. Pharmacists are experts in medications and can provide valuable insights to improve safety. A: Celebrating with a pizza party may boost morale but does not directly address work environment factors. C: Modifying staffing ratios may improve patient care but doesn't necessarily address the overall work environment. D: Joint workshops foster collaboration but may not directly impact the work environment's safety and health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it involves a conflict between the patient's autonomy and her son's beliefs. The patient, a Jehovah's Witness, has clearly stated her refusal of a blood transfusion in her advance directive, which aligns with her religious beliefs. Her son's disagreement with her decision creates a significant ethical dilemma and conflict. This scenario highlights the clash between respecting the patient's autonomy and the son's concerns for her well-being. Choice A is less likely to result in the greatest conflict as both parents have similar values and are amicable, with the conflict being directed towards the daughter's boyfriend. Choice B involves a conflict between the patient's girlfriend and parents, but the patient's lack of advance directives and estranged relationship with his parents do not present as significant a conflict as in the correct answer. Choice C involves a designated healthcare proxy and a committed relationship, which are less likely to result in a conflict as compared to the clash of beliefs and autonomy seen in Choice D.