ATI RN
Anatomy of Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is documenting findings after completing data collection with a patient. What term should the nurse use to document a large area of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct term to document a large area of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin is ecchymosis. Ecchymosis refers to a bruise caused by the extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues. Pallor (A) is paleness, rubor (B) is redness, and petechiae (C) are tiny, pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin due to bleeding. Ecchymosis is the most appropriate term for describing a large area of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin as it specifically denotes a bruise resulting from blood leakage into tissues.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's arterial blood gas analysis. What should the nurse recognize as being a normal blood pH?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 7.38. Normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. A pH of 7.38 falls within this range, indicating a slightly alkaline (basic) pH, which is considered normal. Choices A, B, and D are all outside the normal range, indicating acidosis (A and B) or alkalosis (D). Therefore, C is the correct answer as it falls within the normal blood pH range.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assisting with the preparation of a blood transfusion for a patient. Which type of fluid should the nurse select to transfuse with the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A 0.9% normal saline solution is the correct choice for blood transfusion because it is isotonic, which closely matches the osmolarity of blood. This helps prevent hemolysis and maintains the integrity of red blood cells during transfusion. Other choices such as B (dextrose 5% and water), C (dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline), and D (dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline) are incorrect because they do not provide the necessary isotonic environment for safe blood transfusion, risking hemolysis or other complications.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse reviews the laboratory data for an older patient. The nurse would be most concerned about which finding?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a low WBC count of 2800/L indicates leukopenia, which can compromise the immune system in older adults, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. This finding is concerning as it can pose serious health risks. A: A hematocrit of 35% is within the normal range for older adults and not a cause for concern. B: A hemoglobin level of 11.8 g/dL is slightly lower but still within an acceptable range for older adults and unlikely to be a major concern. C: A platelet count of 400000/L is within the normal range and would not be a significant worry for the nurse. In summary, a low WBC count can indicate a weakened immune system, making it the most concerning finding among the choices given.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse examines the lymph nodes of a patient during a physical assessment. Which assessment finding would be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A 2-cm nontender supraclavicular node. This finding is concerning because supraclavicular nodes are not normally palpable. Enlarged supraclavicular nodes can indicate metastatic cancer. B is incorrect because mobile and nontender axillary nodes are usually benign. C is incorrect as the inability to palpate superficial nodes may be normal. D is incorrect as firm inguinal nodes could indicate a localized infection or inflammation.