The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Recommendations should include giving him his first rattle at about what age?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 4 months. Educational Rationale: At 2 months of age, infants are just beginning to develop their visual abilities and hand-eye coordination. It is around the age of 4 months when infants start to grasp objects intentionally and show interest in exploring items through touch and sound. By giving a 2-month-old a rattle, they may not yet have the motor skills or cognitive development to fully engage with the toy. Providing the rattle at 4 months allows the infant to start practicing their grasping skills, enhancing their sensory exploration, and promoting cognitive development through cause-and-effect relationships. It also encourages the development of fine motor skills and hand coordination, which are important for later developmental milestones like self-feeding and writing. Option A) 2 months is incorrect because infants at this age are still developing their basic reflexes and are not yet ready for intentional play activities with objects like rattles. Options C) 7 months and D) 9 months are also incorrect as by this age, infants have already developed the ability to grasp objects and explore their environment actively. Waiting until 7 or 9 months to introduce a rattle may delay the child's opportunities for sensory and motor skill development during the critical earlier months. In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental milestones and appropriate play activities is crucial for guiding parents on how to support their child's growth and learning. By providing accurate information on when to introduce toys like rattles, nurses can empower parents to engage effectively with their infants, promoting healthy development and bonding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this pediatric nursing certification practice question regarding urethritis, the correct answer is D) N.gonorrhoeae is one of the most commonly identified pathogens. This statement is NOT true because N.gonorrhoeae is actually one of the less common pathogens associated with urethritis, with Chlamydia trachomatis being the most common causative organism. Option A is true because urethritis can present with meatal pruritus, which is itching around the opening of the urethra. Option B is also true as a significant percentage of males with urethritis are asymptomatic, which highlights the importance of screening in high-risk populations. Option C is vague and incomplete. Educationally, understanding the etiology and clinical presentation of urethritis is crucial for pediatric nurses. By knowing that Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common pathogen causing urethritis, nurses can prioritize appropriate testing and treatment strategies. Additionally, recognizing the potential for asymptomatic cases emphasizes the importance of comprehensive screening protocols to prevent complications and transmission in pediatric populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the evaluation for primary amenorrhea is a critical aspect of assessing the reproductive health of adolescent girls. The correct answer is D) 16 years. This age is considered appropriate for evaluation as it allows for the consideration of a wider range of normal variations in the onset of menstruation. Option A) 12 years is too early for evaluation as many girls may not have reached menarche by this age, and it is within the normal range of variation. Option B) 13 years is also early for evaluation as the onset of menstruation can vary widely in adolescents. Option C) 14 years is still premature for evaluation as some girls may experience delayed menarche without any underlying pathology. It is important for pediatric nurses to understand the normal developmental variations in adolescents to avoid unnecessary interventions or anxiety for both the patient and their families. By waiting until the age of 16 for evaluation of primary amenorrhea, healthcare providers can ensure a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of any underlying conditions. This knowledge is crucial for providing holistic and evidence-based care to adolescent patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 85%. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand oxygen therapy and how to deliver the appropriate FiO2 to maintain adequate oxygenation. When using a mask to deliver oxygen, the percentage of FiO2 that can be achieved depends on the flow rate, the fit of the mask, and the patient's respiratory pattern. With a well-fitted mask and a high flow rate, it is possible to deliver up to 85% FiO2 to the patient. Option A) 35% is incorrect because this percentage is more commonly associated with oxygen delivered via nasal cannula at low flow rates. Option C) 65% is incorrect as well, as this percentage is typically achieved with an oxygen reservoir mask or a partial rebreather mask, not a regular mask. Option D) 75% is also incorrect as it falls short of the maximum percentage achievable with a mask, which is 85%. Understanding the different oxygen delivery methods and their respective FiO2 percentages is essential for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the capabilities of each delivery system, nurses can ensure that children receive the appropriate oxygen therapy based on their respiratory needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question related to cold water shock resulting from immersion in cold water, option C) hypertension is the correct answer. Cold water shock is a physiological response to sudden immersion in cold water, and hypertension is not a typical component of this response. A) Hypoventilation is a common component of cold water shock as the body responds to the shock of cold water by breathing irregularly or holding breath, leading to decreased oxygen intake. B) Decreased breath-holding ability is another common component, as the shock of cold water can cause a reflexive gasp response, making it difficult to hold breath. D) Ectopics, or irregular heartbeats, can also occur as a result of cold water shock due to the body's stress response to the sudden temperature change. Educationally, understanding the physiological responses to cold water shock is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working in pediatric nursing. By recognizing the typical components of cold water shock, nurses can provide appropriate and timely interventions to pediatric patients who may experience this condition. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to recognize and respond effectively to cold water emergencies to ensure the safety and well-being of their young patients.