The nurse is developing teaching materials for an 82-year-old African American man with macular degeneration, who is being discharged on two new drugs. Which strategies would be best to use to impart the information? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Limiting distractions in the room is crucial for the elderly with impaired vision to focus on learning. Step 2: Macular degeneration affects visual acuity, making it essential to create an optimal learning environment. Step 3: Removing distractions enhances attention and retention of information. Step 4: Waiting until discharge is not ideal as it may lead to forgetfulness and lack of immediate clarification. Step 5: Augmenting teaching with audio material may not be effective if visual impairment affects hearing as well. Step 6: Using terms of familiarity like "Honey" may be inappropriate and disrespectful.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: qd. The abbreviation "qd" is listed in the Joint Commission's "Do Not Use" list because it can be misinterpreted as "qd" (every day) or "qd" (every other day). This ambiguity can lead to dosing errors. Choice B: NPO is not recommended for the "Do Not Use" list by the Joint Commission. Choice C: Subling is not an abbreviation commonly associated with dosing instructions. Choice D: bid is a standard abbreviation for "twice a day" and is not on the "Do Not Use" list.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ¾ to ⅛-inch needle, 25 to 27 gauge. 1. For intradermal injections, a short needle length (¾ to ⅛ inch) is required to deliver the medication into the dermis layer beneath the epidermis. 2. A smaller gauge needle (25 to 27 gauge) is ideal for intradermal injections to minimize tissue damage and ensure accurate delivery into the dermal layer. 3. Choice B is incorrect as a longer needle length is not suitable for intradermal injections and larger gauge needles may cause tissue trauma. 4. Choice C is incorrect as a 20 to 21 gauge needle is too large for intradermal injections and can lead to inaccurate medication placement. 5. Choice D is incorrect as a tuberculin syringe is not typically used for standard intradermal injections due to its larger size and volume capacity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cephalosporins inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting cell wall formation. They are beta-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillins. Macrolides (A) inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, aminoglycosides (B) interfere with protein synthesis, and tetracyclines (D) inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weakly acidic drugs. In basic urine (pH > 7), weakly acidic drugs will be more ionized and therefore less reabsorbed in the renal tubules, leading to faster excretion. Weakly basic drugs (A) will be more unionized in basic urine and reabsorbed. Lipid-soluble drugs (B) are typically reabsorbed regardless of urine pH. Protein-conjugated substances (D) are usually metabolized before excretion, so urine pH has minimal impact on their excretion rate.