The nurse is developing a health promotion plan for an older adult who worked in the landscaping business for 40 years. The nurse will plan to teach the patient about how to self-assess for which clinical manifestations (select the one that does not apply)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alopecia. This does not apply to an older adult who worked in landscaping. Alopecia is not typically associated with working in landscaping, while choices A, C, and D are more likely to be relevant due to sun exposure and skin irritation. Vitiligo may develop due to sun exposure, intertrigo can result from skin friction and moisture, and erythema can be caused by excessive sun exposure. Alopecia, which is hair loss, is not directly related to the work environment in landscaping.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemodynamic instability. In severe electrical burns, the most immediate threat is hemodynamic instability due to fluid shifts and potential cardiac arrhythmias. This can lead to shock and organ failure. Addressing hemodynamic stability is crucial to prevent further complications. Choice A: Infection is a concern in burn injuries but is not the most immediate threat to survival in this case. Choice C: Acute pain is important to manage but does not pose an immediate threat to survival. Choice D: Decreased protein synthesis and impaired healing are long-term consequences of burns and not the most immediate threat to survival in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Varicella. The presentation of macules on the trunk, extremities, and mucous membranes along with extreme pruritus and mild fever is classic for varicella (chickenpox). Varicella is a common childhood viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The initial macules progress to vesicles and then crust over. The child's age, distribution of skin lesions, and symptoms all point towards varicella. Lichen planus (B) typically presents as purple, itchy, flat-topped papules. Rosacea (C) is a chronic skin condition characterized by facial redness and acne-like bumps. Impetigo (D) is a bacterial skin infection that typically presents with honey-colored crusts and blisters.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Shearing force' drives pressure injury when a patient slides down in bed, per Potter's *Essentials*. Shear occurs as skin sticks to sheets while bones slide e.g., elevating head 30° pulls skeleton down 10 cm tearing capillaries, unlike 'momentum' , motion's force e.g., a rolling ball, not skin-specific. 'Acceleration' is speed gain e.g., falling, not sliding. 'Applied force' is generic e.g., pushing, not shear's dual-plane action. A nurse sees e.g., sacral redness after 2 hours shear's friction (e.g., 40% of bedbound cases), needing repositioning. Potter notes gravity's pull against stationary skin doubles injury risk vs. pressure alone, a reduction-of-risk focus. is the correct, mechanistic factor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a painful burn dressing change, 'administer pain medication 30 minutes beforehand' is first, per Potter's *Essentials*. Analgesia e.g., morphine 5 mg peaks in 30 minutes, cutting pain (e.g., 8/10 to 3/10), unlike 'irrigate' , second e.g., after comfort. 'Loosen tape' follows e.g., reduces pull, not pain itself. 'Observe' assesses e.g., later step. A nurse plans e.g., Meds at 0900, change at 0930' ensuring comfort (e.g., 80% report less distress), a basic care priority. Potter stresses preemptive pain control, making the correct, initial intervention.