The nurse is describing to a patient the synergistic effects of two of his medications. Which statement by the nurse is correct about synergistic drug effects?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A greater effect is achieved when two drugs are combined. Synergistic effects occur when two drugs work together to produce a greater effect than when used individually. This can lead to enhanced therapeutic benefits or increased side effects. Choice A is incorrect as antagonistic effects refer to drugs that counteract each other's effects. Choice B is incorrect as drug nullification occurs when one drug cancels out the effects of another. Choice C is incorrect as an antidote reverses the effects of a specific drug, not enhances its effects when combined with another.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Household teaspoon. A household teaspoon is commonly found in most households, making it convenient for caregivers to use for administering oral liquid medications accurately. It is important to use a standardized measuring device like a household teaspoon to ensure the correct dosage is given. Measuring spoons and graduated medicine cups may vary in accuracy and are not as commonly available in households as household teaspoons, increasing the risk of dosage errors. Using these alternatives may lead to under or overdosing the medication, posing a risk to the child's health. Therefore, the household teaspoon is the most suitable option for accurate home administration of the drug.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pain management. The Principle of Atraumatic Care focuses on minimizing physical and psychological distress during healthcare procedures. Pain management is essential to promote comfort and reduce trauma for the patient. Choice B, collaborative care with family members, is important for holistic care but not directly related to atraumatic care. Choice C, glomerular filtration rate, is a measure of kidney function and not relevant to atraumatic care. Choice D, flashbacks from LSD use, is unrelated to atraumatic care and pertains to substance abuse issues. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the principles of reducing trauma and promoting comfort during healthcare procedures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Enzyme function. Understanding enzyme function is crucial for older adults as age-related changes can impact drug metabolism. Enzymes play a key role in metabolizing drugs in the body, affecting drug efficacy and potential side effects. Teaching this subject will help the patient comprehend how their body processes medications. A: First-pass effect primarily relates to the liver's metabolism of drugs before reaching systemic circulation, which may not be as relevant for the patient's understanding of general drug metabolism. C: Glomerular filtration rate pertains to kidney function, which is important for drug excretion rather than metabolism. D: Motility refers to gastrointestinal movement and is not directly related to drug metabolism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Craving that results in drug-seeking behaviors. This finding indicates opioid use disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria. Craving and drug-seeking behaviors are key features of substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms (A) can occur in cases of physical dependence but do not necessarily indicate opioid use disorder. A history of daily use (B) is common in individuals with opioid use disorder but alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. Intravenous use of the drug (D) may suggest a more severe form of opioid use but is not specific to opioid use disorder.