The nurse is creating a community program to promote outdoor exercise using Bronfenbrenner's SocioEcological Model and is working with town planners to obtain funding and approval for sidewalks and walking and biking trails. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is the nurse utilizing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Macrosystem. The nurse is working at the societal level to create a community program, which aligns with the macrosystem in Bronfenbrenner's SocioEcological Model. This system encompasses the broader cultural context that influences individuals and communities. The nurse's efforts to collaborate with town planners for funding and approval of infrastructure changes impact the overall environment and societal norms related to outdoor exercise. Incorrect choices: A: Microsystem - This involves individual interactions and relationships, such as family and peers, not the broader societal level. B: Mesosystem - This focuses on the connections between different microsystems, like interactions between family and school, not societal changes. C: Chronosystem - This refers to changes over time, like historical events or life transitions, not the current community program implementation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, risk perception is the belief that a behavior is harmful. Here's a step-by-step rationale: 1. Risk perception involves the individual's belief about the negative consequences of a behavior. 2. Choice A relates to subjective norm (influence of others), not risk perception. 3. Choice B relates to behavior (smelling of smoke), not risk perception. 4. Choice D relates to past behavior (quitting attempts), not risk perception. Therefore, the client's belief that smoking is unhealthy represents risk perception as it reflects the understanding of the harm associated with smoking.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocate for fluoridation of drinking water. Fluoridation of drinking water is a community-level intervention that has been proven effective in reducing dental caries and improving oral health. By advocating for fluoridation, the school nurse can help improve the dental health of the entire community. A: Educating caregivers of children with dental caries about oral health is important, but it is more of an individual-level intervention rather than a community-level action. C: Assisting caregivers with finding dental resources for children without dental insurance is also valuable, but it does not address dental health at a community level. D: Teaching children in school how to floss properly is a good preventive measure, but it is not as impactful at the community level as advocating for fluoridation of drinking water.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because caring for incarcerated individuals involves a lack of privacy due to the institutional setting. Nurses must be aware of this to maintain confidentiality and respect boundaries. A is incorrect as education levels may vary. C is incomplete. D is incorrect because therapeutic nurse-client relationships are crucial in correctional nursing for effective care and rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Screening for hearing loss. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat health issues in their early stages to prevent progression. Screening for hearing loss helps identify potential problems early, allowing for timely intervention. Safety inspections (B) are primary prevention by identifying hazards before harm occurs. Educating employees about eye protection (C) is also primary prevention. Completing a physical assessment after an injury (D) is tertiary prevention, focusing on rehabilitation and preventing complications.