The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Education about preventive behaviors. This is the most effective method to control the spread of HIV infection because it empowers individuals with knowledge on how to prevent transmission through safe practices such as condom use and avoiding sharing needles. Premarital serological screening (A) may only identify HIV infection in one partner and does not address prevention. Prophylactic exposure treatment (B) is a form of post-exposure prophylaxis, not a primary prevention method. HIV screening for pregnant women (C) is important for preventing mother-to-child transmission but does not directly control the spread among the general population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cleanse the site with soap and water. This is because soap and water effectively clean and disinfect the wound, reducing the risk of infection. Alcohol may not be as effective in removing bloodborne pathogens like HIV. Flushing with hot water can cause tissue damage and is not recommended. Applying a topical antibiotic is not necessary for blood exposure and may not prevent HIV transmission. Proper cleansing with soap and water is crucial to minimize the risk of infection following exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: Soft cheeses may contain harmful bacteria that can be dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems like AIDS patients. The nurse should recommend avoiding soft cheeses to prevent foodborne illnesses. Soft cheeses are typically made from unpasteurized milk, which increases the risk of bacterial contamination. AIDS patients have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Summary of Other Choices: B: Avoiding Caesar salad is not necessarily a specific recommendation for AIDS patients unless there are additional factors to consider, such as the presence of certain raw ingredients that may pose a risk to the patient. C: Avoiding public drinking fountains is a general hygiene recommendation that may apply to all individuals, not specific to AIDS patients. D: Avoiding all beers and soft drinks is not a specific recommendation for AIDS patients unless there are additional factors such as alcohol interactions with medication or sugar content affecting blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because alcohol withdrawal symptoms typically peak between 24 to 48 hours after the patient stops drinking. This timeframe aligns with the onset of symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, and hallucinations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because withdrawal symptoms do not peak within 6 to 8, 72, or 96 hours after drinking cessation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely during this critical period to manage and prevent potential withdrawal complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provide one-on-one supervision. This intervention has priority because the patient is experiencing hallucinations, agitation, and anxiety, which can pose a risk to their safety. One-on-one supervision ensures constant monitoring and immediate intervention if the patient's condition deteriorates. Checking the patient every 15 minutes (A) may not provide timely intervention. Encouraging fluid intake (B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Keeping the room dimly lit (D) may not address the patient's hallucinations and agitation adequately.