The nurse is conducting a class about antilipemic drugs. The antilipemic drug ezetimibe (Zetia) works by which mechanism?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. Ezetimibe works by blocking the NPC1L1 transporter in the small intestine, which reduces the absorption of cholesterol. This mechanism leads to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice A is incorrect as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like statins work by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver, not absorption in the intestine. Choice B is incorrect because ezetimibe does not affect bile acid resorption. Choice C is incorrect as ezetimibe does not activate lipase to break down cholesterol; rather, it inhibits cholesterol absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Drug molecules can bind to a variety of target proteins, including receptors, ion channels, and carriers. Receptors are often targeted to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Ion channels are targeted to regulate the flow of ions across cell membranes. Carriers are targeted to facilitate the transport of molecules across cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is D because drug molecules can bind to all three types of target proteins for therapeutic effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they each represent only one type of target protein that drug molecules can interact with, whereas the correct answer encompasses all possibilities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Incorrect. Local anesthetics are not metabolized at the site of administration but rather at systemic sites like plasma or liver. B: Correct. Local anesthetics are metabolized in the plasma or liver, not at the administration site. C: Incorrect. Ester anesthetics like procaine are metabolized by pseudocholinesterase in the plasma, not systemically. D: Incorrect. Amides like lidocaine are metabolized in the liver by microsomal mixed function oxidases, not at the administration site. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as local anesthetics are not metabolized at the site of administration but rather at systemic sites like plasma or liver. Choices B, C, and D provide accurate information about the metabolism of local anesthetics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pralidoxime, as it is a cholinesterase reactivator used to treat organophosphate poisoning by reactivating inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Edrophonium (B) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for diagnostic purposes. Pilocarpine (C) is a muscarinic agonist used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth. Isoflurophate (D) is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide. Therefore, Pralidoxime is the only cholinesterase activator among the options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hexamethonium is a ganglionic blocker that inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, leading to reduced peripheral vascular resistance and venous return (Choice A), partial mydriasis and loss of accommodation (Choice B), and constipation and urinary retention (Choice C). Stimulation of thermoregulatory sweating is not a systemic effect of hexamethonium, making Choice D incorrect. Hexamethonium does not affect the thermoregulatory sweating mechanism in the body.