ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is completing a history for an older patient at risk for an acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes relevant questions to assess risk factors related to acidosis in an older patient. Asking about breathing problems, medications, activity intolerance, drowsiness, decreased alertness, dizziness, and tinnitus helps identify potential causes or symptoms of acidosis. Choices B and C do not cover all key areas of concern for acidosis assessment, such as breathing problems and dizziness. Choice D is incorrect because drowsiness and bowel movements can be relevant to acidosis evaluation in older adults.
Question 2 of 5
Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: skeleton. Bones have the lowest percentage of water content compared to other tissues. Bones are composed of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphorus, which make up a significant portion of their structure. Adipose tissue (B) contains a higher percentage of water due to its role in storing fat. Muscle tissue (C) has a moderate water content as it is composed of water, proteins, and other substances. Blood (A) has the highest percentage of water among the choices due to its liquid nature and functions in transportation and circulation.
Question 3 of 5
Interstitial fluid makes up what percentage of intracellular fluid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (0 percent) because interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells outside of the cell membrane, not the fluid within the cells themselves. Intracellular fluid refers to the fluid inside the cells, which does not include interstitial fluid. Therefore, interstitial fluid does not make up any percentage of intracellular fluid. Explanation for other choices: B: 25 percent - This is incorrect because interstitial fluid is not part of intracellular fluid, so it cannot make up a percentage of it. C: 50 percent - This is incorrect as well for the same reason as above. D: 75 percent - This is also incorrect because interstitial fluid is not part of intracellular fluid at all.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these statements does NOT refer to the relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because plasma and interstitial fluid are in dynamic equilibrium and do exchange materials through capillary walls. Changing the composition of one affects the other due to this exchange. Choice A is incorrect because plasma and interstitial fluid have some differences. Choice B is incorrect as capillary walls allow for exchange. Choice C is incorrect as proteins are restricted from freely passing through capillary walls.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following contributes the vast majority of the extracellular fluid's osmotic activity?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: plasma proteins. Plasma proteins contribute the vast majority of extracellular fluid's osmotic activity due to their high concentration and large size, which results in significant osmotic pressure. This osmotic pressure helps maintain fluid balance and regulate the movement of water between compartments. Na+ and its attendant anions (Choice A) are important for fluid balance but do not contribute significantly to osmotic activity. K+ and its attendant anions (Choice C) are mainly intracellular ions and do not play a major role in extracellular osmotic activity. Ca2+ and its attendant anions (Choice D) are essential for various cellular functions but do not contribute significantly to extracellular osmotic activity.