ATI RN
Concepts of Family Health Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient with suspected exposure to HIV. Which symptoms would be most concerning in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fever, diarrhea, and sore throat are common symptoms associated with acute HIV infection. Fever is often the first symptom, followed by other flu-like symptoms such as diarrhea and sore throat. These symptoms may indicate an acute retroviral syndrome, which occurs within 2-4 weeks of initial HIV infection. Tremors, edema, coughing (Choice A) are not typical symptoms of acute HIV infection. Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus (Choice C) are more indicative of allergic reactions or other non-HIV related conditions. Abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting (Choice D) are also not specific to HIV infection.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the rising incidence of HIV in adults over the age of 50 with a group of senior community members. Which factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Older adults are less likely to use condoms due to factors such as decreased perception of risk and lack of awareness. Step 2: This places them at higher risk for HIV transmission. Step 3: Reinforcing education on condom use can help prevent HIV transmission in this age group. Step 4: Therefore, choice A is correct. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific risk factors for HIV transmission in adults over 50. Choice B focuses on testing, while choices C and D mention general population trends and immune system function, which are not directly related to the increased HIV incidence in this age group.
Question 4 of 5
A woman in the last trimester of pregnancy drinks 8 to 12 ounces of alcohol daily. The nurse plans for the delivery of an infant who is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), characterized by microcephaly and cognitive impairments. Alcohol can cross the placental barrier, affecting the developing fetus's brain and causing irreversible damage. Jaundice (choice A) is not directly caused by alcohol consumption but by other factors like liver dysfunction. Dependence on alcohol (choice B) is a consequence for the mother, not the baby. Although alcohol can lead to low birth weight, the term "underweight" (choice C) is not specific enough to capture the full extent of harm caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.
Question 5 of 5
An alcohol-dependent individual says, 'Drinking helps me cope with being a single parent.' Which response by the nurse would help the individual conceptualize the drinking more objectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the individual to reflect on their past behavior and consequences of drinking. By asking about the last drinking episode, the nurse helps the individual connect their coping mechanism with actual outcomes. This approach promotes self-awareness and personal responsibility. Choice A focuses on fear-mongering and may increase resistance. Choice B may come off as confrontational and judgmental, hindering open communication. Choice C is accusatory and may trigger feelings of guilt or shame, rather than fostering insight. Overall, choice D is the most effective as it guides the individual to explore their experiences and understand the link between drinking and its effects.