ATI RN
Core Concepts of Patient Family Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive. What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine (AZT). This antiretroviral medication is commonly used to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. AZT reduces the risk of vertical transmission by inhibiting viral replication in the newborn. Bacitracin (A) and Erythromycin (B) are antibiotics that do not treat HIV. Protease inhibitors (C) are not typically used in newborns due to safety concerns and efficacy in preventing transmission.
Question 2 of 5
While collecting admission data, the nurse suspects a patient with AIDS is experiencing an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. What observations did the nurse make to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inappropriate laughter. Inappropriate laughter is a common symptom of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, indicating cognitive impairment. This symptom is often observed in patients with AIDS and can be indicative of changes in behavior and emotional responses. Audible bowel sounds (A) are not specifically related to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Inability to state home address (C) may indicate memory impairment but is not a specific symptom of this disorder. Knee buckling while walking (D) is more related to physical weakness or balance issues rather than cognitive impairment associated with HIV.
Question 3 of 5
A patient admitted yesterday for injuries sustained while intoxicated believes the window blinds are snakes trying to get into the room. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. Which medication can the nurse anticipate the health care provider will prescribe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct medication to anticipate for this patient is a benzodiazepine, such as lorazepam (Ativan). Rationale: 1. Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat acute agitation and anxiety in patients, which is present in this case. 2. Lorazepam has a rapid onset of action and can help calm the patient quickly. 3. It can help manage the patient's perception of the window blinds as snakes and reduce agitation. 4. Benzodiazepines are safer for patients with alcohol intoxication compared to other sedatives or antipsychotics. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are not typically used for acute agitation and anxiety. They have a slower onset of action and are not first-line for this situation. B: Phenothiazines may worsen the patient's condition due to their potential side effects like sedation and hypotension. D: Narcotic analgesics are not appropriate for managing anxiety or agitation
Question 4 of 5
A new patient in an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and a few drinks in the evening.' Which response by the nurse will help the patient view the drinking more honestly?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse needs to provide a reflection that highlights the patient's patterns of drinking. Step 2: Option D reflects the patient's drinking pattern accurately and objectively. Step 3: By repeating the patient's own words back to them, the nurse helps the patient see the extent of their drinking. Step 4: This response encourages the patient to reflect on their alcohol consumption more honestly. Step 5: Option D is correct as it addresses the patient's behavior directly and prompts self-reflection. Summary: - Option A is passive and does not challenge the patient's perception. - Option B is confrontational and may lead to defensiveness. - Option C provides a generalized definition of social drinking, not addressing the patient's specific behavior.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement most accurately describes substance dependence?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Answer A: 1. Substance dependence involves a lack of control over use, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. 2. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key indicators of substance dependence when intake is reduced or stopped. 3. These symptoms result from physiological changes in the body due to chronic drug use. 4. The cycle of tolerance and withdrawal reinforces the dependence on the substance. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B. Interference with neurotransmitters is more related to the pharmacological effects of drugs, not a defining feature of substance dependence. C. Additive effects of drugs do not necessarily indicate substance dependence but rather interactions between different substances. D. Combining substances to weaken effects does not define substance dependence; it is more about the compulsive use and physical dependence on a substance.