The nurse is caring for an infant whose parent reports the infant takes a bottle to go to sleep. What should the nurse instruct to prevent baby bottle tooth decay?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Water. Water is recommended to prevent baby bottle tooth decay caused by sugary substances present in milk, formula, or fruit juice. Water does not contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay, unlike the other options. Milk, formula, and unsweetened fruit juice can all lead to tooth decay if the baby falls asleep with them in their mouth, as the sugars can linger on the teeth and cause decay over time. Iron-fortified formula, although beneficial for the infant's nutrition, still contains sugars that can be harmful to the teeth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings should be avoided by a child with lactose intolerance because they contain lactose, which the child's body may have difficulty digesting. Option A is incorrect as popcorn, seeds, and foods containing nuts do not typically contain lactose. Option C lists wheat, rye, barley, and commercially baked goods, which are sources of gluten, not lactose. Option D includes eggs, ham, bacon, and canned meats, which are also not sources of lactose. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice for a child with lactose intolerance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, steamed carrots, as they are high in vitamin A. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential for good vision, a healthy immune system, and cell growth. Oranges (choice A) are a good source of vitamin C but not vitamin A. Apple sauce (choice C) and baked potato (choice D) do not provide significant amounts of vitamin A compared to steamed carrots, making them less suitable recommendations for a client deficient in this specific nutrient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because drinking unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria, which poses a risk to food safety. Choice A is correct as it emphasizes using food before the expiration date. Choice B is also correct as washing fruits before consumption is a good food safety practice. Choice D is correct as well since washing hands after handling raw chicken is crucial to prevent cross-contamination. Therefore, choice C is the only statement that indicates a need for further teaching on food safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the sources of essential vitamins is crucial for healthcare professionals to educate their clients effectively. In this case, the nurse should recommend leafy greens as the best source of vitamin K. Leafy greens such as spinach, kale, and broccoli are rich in vitamin K, which plays a key role in blood clotting and bone health. By recommending leafy greens, the nurse ensures that the client gets an adequate intake of this vital vitamin. Fish (option A) is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids but is not a significant source of vitamin K. Citrus fruits (option C) are known for their high vitamin C content, not vitamin K. Nuts (option D) are nutritious but are not a primary source of vitamin K. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing food sources of specific vitamins for healthcare professionals. Understanding the roles of vitamins in the body and where to find them in food helps nurses provide accurate dietary advice to clients. By explaining why leafy greens are the best source of vitamin K and why other options are less suitable, nurses can empower their clients to make informed choices for their health.